Abstract: Studying the fragility of the landscape patterns is of great significance for improving the awareness of ecological protection and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.This paper uses the landscape index and spatial autocorrelation analysis to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern vulnerability of the typical karst mountainous area in Guizhou from 1990 to 2018. The results show that: (1) The best analysis particle size in the study area is 150 m, and the amplitude is 900 m. (2) In 1990 and 2018, the vulnerability index of landscape pattern was mainly low and low, and the area accounted for more than 70%;The conversion types of landscape pattern vulnerability mainly occur between low vulnerability, low vulnerability and medium vulnerability, and the type of landscape pattern vulnerability changes are mainly concentrated in the study area between the altitude of 800-1 400 m and the slope of 6-25 degree. (3) In 1990 and 2018, there was an obvious positive spatial autocorrelation of vulnerability. Local autocorrelation high-high agglomeration is mainly located in Guiyang in the central part of the study area, Liupanshui in the west of Guizhou, Xingyi in the southwest, Sinan in the northeast, and Libo County in the southeast, etc. The low-low agglomeration area is mainly in Yuqing in the north of the study area. County and Ziyun County in the south. (4) This study found that the comprehensive effects of national policies and human activities are important reasons for the changes in the vulnerability of the landscape pattern.The vulnerability of the landscape pattern in the study area has increased slightly in the past 30 years, and the spatial distribution tends to be scattered.