Abstract: It has been 39 years since the foundation of the Pole-Axis System theory and the proposal of the “T-shaped” land development and economic layout by Mr. Lu Dadao. This theory has significant and a long-lasting impact on the construction of China’s national economy, the academic community and the decision makers. The Pole-Axis System theory reveals the interaction between points and axes in the evolution of region development. In essence, the theory is about the regional “optimal structure”, reflecting the process and pattern of regional evolution. It has been regarded as a unique academic paradigm, and has been widely adopted in the study of regional development. This paper reviews the background, theoretical connotation and procedure of the above theory and the T-shaped Spatial Structure of regional development , with an emphasis on the enlightenment of economic geography and strategic consultation in China’s modern development.