长江流域资源与环境 >> 2024, Vol. 33 >> Issue (1): 214-228.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202401018

• 自然灾害 • 上一篇    

基于多源遥感数据的鄱阳湖流域综合干旱时空变化特征研究

袁燕萍1,叶许春1*,刘婷婷1,李相虎2   

  1. (1. 西南大学地理科学学院,重庆 400715;2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏 南京 210008)
  • 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-01

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Integrated Drought in Poyang Lake Basin Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data

YUAN Yan-ping1, YE Xu-chun1, LIU Ting-ting1, LI Xiang-hu2   

  1. (1. School of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Nanjing 210008,China)

  • Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-01

摘要: 基于2000~2020年鄱阳湖流域气象站点资料和多源遥感数据,综合考虑大气-植被-土壤作用及其内部互馈机制,采用多元线性回归法构建了适用于鄱阳湖流域的综合遥感干旱监测模型;通过Sen趋势法、重心迁移模型等方法研究揭示了鄱阳湖流域干旱时空变化特征;在此基础上,基于土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据构建人为活动压力指数,量化分析了鄱阳湖流域人类活动强度及其对干旱格局的影响。研究得出: (1) 利用传统干旱指数和统计年鉴中的旱灾成灾面积、受灾面积对模型的适用性进行评价,结果表明模型能够综合反映出农业干旱情况和气象干旱程度的复合信息,准确量化监测区域实际旱情。 (2) 鄱阳湖流域具有干旱频率南高北低、西部旱情较东部严重、干旱影响范围波及广、全流域性干旱发生频率高等特征;流域整体表现出冬春干旱化、夏秋湿润化的态势。 (3) 鄱阳湖流域人类活动对干旱的影响呈现出明显的南北分异特点。研究时段内流域人为活动压力指数普遍上升,北部人为活动压力显著高于南部;流域北部稳步推进生态保护和绿色发展战略,人类活动效应对干旱程度起到一定的抑制作用;南部区域社会经济发展粗放并对环境造成破坏,间接加剧了区域干旱。研究结果对于深入认识鄱阳湖流域干旱时空演变特征和增强区域防旱抗旱能力具有很好的理论和实用价值。


Abstract: Drought has serious impacts on agricultural production and ecological environment in China. Study on the causes of drought and drought monitoring technology is crucial for drought warning and mitigation. By considering the atmosphere-vegetation-soil interaction and its mutual feedback mechanism, an attempt to develop anIntegrated Remote Sensing Drought Monitoring Index (IRSDI) was made by a multiple linear regression method based on meteorological stations data and multi-source remote sensing data in Poyang Lake basin from 2000 to 2020. The drought conditions across Poyang Lake basin in both space and time were revealed by SEN trend method and center of gravity migration model. The land use data and nighttime light data were used to construct the human activities pressure index, which was further applied to quantitatively analyze human impacts on the drought pattern in Poyang Lake basin. The results indicated that: (1) The applicability of the IRSDI was well evaluated and validated by using traditional drought index and drought affected area in the statistical yearbook. The proposed IRSDI model was able to accurately and quantitatively monitor the actual drought situation, and to reflect the comprehensive information of both agricultural drought and meteorological droughts. (2) The droughts in Poyang Lake basin was characterized by high drought frequency in the south and low frequency in the north, more severe droughts in the west than in the east, wide spread of droughts, and higher occurring frequency of basin scale droughts. The whole basin showed a wetting trend in summer and autumn, while a drying trend in winter and spring. (3) The impacts of human activities on droughts in Poyang Lake basin showed obvious north-south differentiation characteristics. During the study period, the anthropogenic pressure index increased generally in Poyang Lake basin, and was significantly higher in the north than that in the south. Ecological protection and green development have been implemented in the northern part of Poyang Lake basin, and the anthropogenic pressure inhibited the degree of droughts. Oppositely, extensive socioeconomic development in the south has caused damage to the environment and indirectly aggravated regional droughts. The observed results from this study are of theoretical and practical value for understanding the temporal and spatial variations of droughts in Poyang Lake basin and for enhancing the ability of regional drought prevention and resistance.

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