Abstract: The process of urbanization inevitably affects the ecological environment. It is crucial to promote the coupled and coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological resilience. Based on the connotations and coupling coordination mechanisms of new urbanization and ecological resilience, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal patterns and dynamic impact of new urbanization and ecological resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2012 to 2021. Coupling coordination model, spatial auto-regression model, and PVAR model were applied. The results indicated that: (1) The levels of new urbanization and ecological resilience continued to grow. The weakness of new urbanization lied in population urbanization, while the shortcoming of ecological resilience lied in stress resilience. (2) The coordination development level was in the primary coordination stage and exhibited a stable and significant positive spatial correlation. High-high agglomeration areas were distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region, low-low agglomeration areas were distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou region. (3) New urbanization and ecological resilience were mainly constrained by historical levels without bidirectional Granger causality, and their dynamic interaction effect was not significant. The development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should consider resource and environmental carrying capacity, to enhance the weaknesses of new urbanization and complete the shortboard of ecological resilience. A coordinated interactive development mechanism between new urbanization and ecological resilience should be established.