Abstract: Digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading are important driving forces to improve ecological efficiency. It is an urgent task to explore the mechanism of the impacts of digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading on the ecological efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Based on data from 2008 to 2020, this study calculated the ecological efficiency by using the Super-efficient SBM model. Empirical tests were performed for the spatial spillover effect and non-linear matching relationship of the two effects on ecological efficiency by constructing the spatial econometric model and threshold model. The research indicated that: (1) the ecological efficiency of the YREB showed a slow growth trend, with a significant spatial difference; (2) The effects of digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading on ecological efficiency were significantly positive; (3) The digital economy development and the industrial structure upgrading had spatial spillover effects on ecological efficiency. The digital economy development had a positive effect on the ecological efficiency, but it had an inhibitory effect on neighboring areas; (4) The impact of digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading on ecological efficiency was restricted by each other. Only by mutual coordination, could the two enhance an ecological efficiency; （5）The impact of digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading on ecological efficiency had obvious regional heterogeneity. The effects in the middle and upper reaches were greater than those in the lower reaches. Therefore, according to the regional differences, the principles of the adaptation to local conditions and the interactive development should be considered. There was also a need to strengthen the linkage between the digital economy development and industrial structure upgrading, in order to improve the overall ecological efficiency of the YREB.