长江流域资源与环境 >> 2012, Vol. 21 >> Issue (04): 448-.

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江常熟江段近岸小型鱼类群落结构及多样性探析

徐东坡|刘凯|张敏莹|段金荣|张敏|施炜纲   

  1. (1. 农业部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室|中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心|江苏 无锡 214081;2.南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏 无锡 214081
  • 出版日期:2012-04-20

BIODIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SMALLSIZED FISH IN THE NEARSHORE OF CHANGSHU REACH IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

XU Dongpo1, LIU kai1, ZHANG Minying1, DUAN Jinrong1, ZHANG Min2|SHI Weigang1   

  1. (1.Key Field Station of Observation and Research for Fishery Resources and Environment of the Lower Reaches ofthe Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries|Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China|2.Wuxi Fishery College,Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081,China
  • Online:2012-04-20

摘要:

2009年3月~2010年2月,利用密目插网对长江常熟江段小型鱼类进行了连续监测,首次对该江段的小型鱼类群落组成、优势种组成及生物多样性进行了剖析。结果表明:该江段共有小型鱼类24种,隶属于5目7科,其中鲤形目最多。根据〖WTBX〗IRI〖WTBZ〗指数分析,贝氏〖FK(W1。1〗〖PS餐鱼1.eps〗〖FK)〗、刀鲚、窄体舌鳎、蛇鮈和光泽黄颡鱼为优势种,共占总数量的83.44%,占总重量的8202%;贝氏〖FK(W1。1〗〖PS餐鱼1.eps〗〖FK)〗和窄体舌鳎在各个季节中均为优势种,刀鲚在春、夏、秋3季为优势种。基于渔获数量的分析结果显示,常熟江段各月多样性特征值范围为:ShannonWiener指数(H’) 118~176, Margalef指数(R)087 ~207,Pielou指数(J’)048~083,McNaughton指数(Dn) 057~086。Margalef指数和McNaughton指数春季最高,冬季最低;ShannonWiener指数和Pielou指数冬季最高,夏季最低。最后探讨了影响该江段小型鱼类群落结构的各种因素,提出了合理开发和保护小型渔业资源的建议

Abstract:

Based on the fishery survey by setting net from March 2009 to February 2010,the community structure,dominant species composition and biodiversity of smallsized fishes have been analyzed.24 species of smallsized fishes were collected,which belongs to 5 orders,7 families,and most of the species were belong to Cypriniformes.The dominant species were 〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri,Coilia nasus,Cynoglossus trigrammus,Saurogobio dabryi〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Pelteobaggrus nitidus,〖WTBZ〗which occupied  8344% of the total catch in number,and 8202% of the total weight.〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Cynoglossus trigrammus 〖WTBZ〗were the dominant species in each season,and 〖WTBX〗Coilia nasus〖WTBZ〗 in spring,summer and autumn.Four diversity indexes,ShannonWiener’s index (H’),Margalef’s index(R’),Pilou’s index(J’),McNaughton’s index(Dn),were calculated by catch in number to analyze the characteristics of species diversity of fishery communities.The intermonthly range of  H’values was 118 to 176, R’was 087 to 207, J’ was 048 to 083 and Dn was 057 to 086.Based on research sets by season,in spite of any calculation unit,both by quantity and by weight,the highest value of R’ and Dn was in spring while the lowest was in winter, and the highest value of H’ and J’ were all present in winter while the lowest were in summer.Various factors  affecting the smallsized fishes resources in this reach were discussed,and several suggestions of how to develop and protect smallsized fishey resources were provided

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