长江流域资源与环境 >> 2013, Vol. 22 >> Issue (011): 1472-.

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

农村税费改革对农业土地利用的影响:一个宏观评价

陈志刚|黄贤金| 陈 逸   

  1. (南京大学国土资源与旅游学系|江苏 南京 210023)
  • 出版日期:2013-11-20

EFFECTS OF RURAL TAXES AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
REFORMS ON FARMLAND USE: A MACRO EVALUATION

CHEN Zhigang,HUANG Xianjin,CHEN Yi   

  1. (Department of Land Resources &|Tourism Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023, China)
  • Online:2013-11-20

摘要:

以取消农业税和加大农业补贴力度为主要特征的农村税费改革,是近年来中国农村地区的一次重大制度改革。为探讨其对农业土地利用的影响,在简要回顾农村税费改革主要历程的基础上,通过构建计量经济模型,从宏观层面分析验证了农村税费改革对农业土地利用规模和利用效率的具体影响。结果表明: 农村税费改革对农业土地利用的影响主要体现为农户行为响应产生的引致效应;无论是农业税的取消还是财政支农政策的加强都对农业土地利用规模的扩大产生了显著影响;而农村税费改革对农业土地利用效率的影响则并不明显。为此,中国政府今后仍需在农业补贴支出结构以及相关配套政策创新方面进一步优化

Abstract:

In rural China,the rural taxes and administrative charges reforms,characterized by agricultural taxes exemption and subsidies increase,have been becoming an important institutional change in recent years.From the start of the rural taxes and administrative charges reforms in 2000,to the total abolition of agricultural taxes on a national wide in 2006,as well as the continuous improvement of agricultural subsidy policies in recent years,the rural taxes and administrative charges reforms are bound to have a certain degree of impacts on the agricultural land use.In order to study the effect of the above reform on farmland use,two econometric models were built to test the specific impact of rural taxes and administrative charges reforms on the scale and the utilization efficiency of farmland use,using the statistical data from 1979 to 2008,based on a brief introduction of the reform and its evolution.The results indicate that the effects of rural taxes and administrative charges reforms on farmland use were induced effects from farm households’ behavior responses,including scale effects due to the reduction of land use costs and investment effects due to the increase of famers’ incomes.Not only the exemption of agricultural taxes but also the increase of agricultural subsidies had significant impacts on the expansion of farmland use scale in China.In detail,the cancellation of agricultural taxes made the sown area of crops expand by an average of about 5% in recent years,while the fiscal expenditure on agriculture for each additional 100 million yuan,would also lead to increase in crop sown acreage nearly 2 800 hm2.In addition,the cancellation of agricultural taxes and strengthening of financial support for agriculture,〖JP2〗had the role to enhance the efficiency of agricultural land use,but the role or influence was not statistically significant from the current effect of policy reforms.Therefore,it is necessary to deep the institutional reform and innovate the supporting policies to improve the performance of the rural taxes and administrative charges reforms.On one hand,the improvement of agricultural subsidies policy can not be just the expansion of the scale of expenditure,the optimization of expenditure structure and subsidies objects may bring more significant effects of policy reforms.On the other hand,with the cancellation of the agricultural taxes,some supporting policies and reform measures,such as rural infrastructure investment and agricultural land market development,have to keep up with

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