江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及其风险评价

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征,采集江苏省8个浅水湖泊的表层沉积物,测定了8种重金属的含量,并利用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属的污染现状以及潜在生态风险程度进行评价。结果表明:江苏省8个浅水湖泊表层沉积物中Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为634~1 031、66~138、76.0~97.5、39.2~56.3、25.2~50.1、9.9~27.1、0.15~2.98、24.6~51.6 mg/kg。地积累指数法评价结果表明,Cd是江苏省8个浅水湖泊表层沉积物中最主要的污染物,Zn、Cu、As、Pb、Ni在一些湖泊为轻度污染,Mn和Cr处于无污染水平。Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,各湖泊综合潜在生态风险程度的高低顺序为:长荡湖> 石臼湖> 白马湖> 滆湖> 高邮湖> 洪泽湖> 澄湖> 骆马湖,长荡湖达到严重生态风险水平,石臼湖存在重生态风险,白马湖与滆湖处在中等生态风险水平,而骆马湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖以及澄湖重金属污染则处于低生态风险水平。

关键词: 浅水湖泊, 表层沉积物, 重金属, 污染特征, 潜在生态风险

Abstract: Shallow lakes are important freshwater resources which have the functions of flood control, transportation, agriculture, aquaculture, tourism, drinking and ecological protection. The environmental quality of shallow lakes is highly relevant to human health and sustainable development of society and economy. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted, progressively, in deteriorating freshwater conditions. In Jiangsu Province, there are about 200 freshwater lakes with a total surface area of 6 853 km² that account for 6% of the total land area of this province. These lakes are all shallow lakes and are subject to disturbances by natural and human activities. In the past decades, human activities have caused serious environmental problems, such as eutrophication, heavy metal pollutions, organic pollutions and habitat degradation. In order to characterize heavy metals pollution in surface sediments of shallow lakes in Jiangsu Province, the contents of eight heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) in surface sediments from eight shallow lakes were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the geo-accumulation index and the Hkanson potential ecological risk index were applied for assessing the status of sediment heavy metal enrichment and the extent of potential ecological risk. The average content of heavy metals in surface sediments of these lakes were in the range of 634-1 031, 66-138, 76.0-97.5, 39.2-56.3, 25.2-50.1, 9.9-27.1, 0.15-2.98, and 24.6-51.6 mg/kg for Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The results from correlation analysis showed that Cr and Ni have the similar origin with Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, respectively. The results of geo-accumulation index indicated that Cd was the main pollutant in surface sediments of these lakes, Zn, Cu, As, Pb and Ni caused light pollution in some lakes, and Mn and Cr were at a clean level. For the different lakes examined in the present study, the general indices of potential ecological risk followed the order of Changdang Lake> Shijiu Lake> Baima Lake> Gehu Lake> Gaoyou Lake> Hongze Lake> Chenghu Lake> Luoma Lake. Changdang Lake reached the serious ecological risk level, and heavy ecological risk existed in Shijiu Lake. Baima Lake and Gehu Lake had moderate ecological risks, while Luoma Lake, Hongze Lake, Gaoyou Lake and Chenghu Lake imposed low ecological risks.

Key words: shallow lakes, surface sediments, heavy metals, pollution characteristics, potential ecological risk

中图分类号:

X524

蒋豫, 刘新, 高俊峰, 蔡永久. 江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及其风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(07): 1157-1162.

JIANG Yu, LIU Xin, GAO Jun-feng, CAI Yong-jiu. POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF SHALLOW LAKES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE, CHINA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(07): 1157-1162.

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