湘潭锰矿重金属环境安全及植物耐性研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采集了湘潭锰矿红旗分矿开采区、沙圹村恢复区的代表性当季蔬菜(莴笋叶Fruticicolidae、小白菜Brassica chinensis、香葱Allium schoenoprasum、空心菜Ipomoea aquatica)、废弃区的优势植物(商陆Phytolacca acinosa、野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides、苍耳Xanthium sibiricum)和3个研究区的土壤,通过原子吸收分光光度法分析了Mn、Pb、Zn含量。结果表明:开采区蔬菜Mn含量(8.3~84.5 mg/kg)明显高于恢复区(2.7~55.6 mg/kg),开采区和恢复区蔬菜都明显受到Pb污染(0.6~33 mg/kg),蔬菜Zn含量范围为1.9~6.5mg/kg;3个研究区域土壤重金属均明显超标,最严重的是Pb污染(1 993.5~2 213.5 mg/kg)。商陆、野茼蒿和苍耳中重金属含量差异较大,对重金属的耐性强,其中商陆表现出最好的耐性与长势。研究结论对锰矿土地合理利用以及矿区土壤重金属治理提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 锰矿, 重金属, 土壤, 蔬菜, 环境安全, 植物耐性

Abstract: The Xiangtan manganese (Mn) mine is the largest Mn mine in China and is the typical nonferrous metal mine in the southern China. This study collected the seasonal vegetables (Fruticicolidae, Brassica chinensis, Allium schoenoprasum, Ipomoea aquatica) of the Hongqi mining area and the Sha Kuang Cun recovery area of the Xiangtan Mn mine, the dominant plant of the waste area (Phytolacca acinosa, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Xanthium sibiricum) and the soil of three areas. The concentrations of Mn, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined after acid digestion by hydride generation atomic fluorescent spectrometry. The results show the concentration of Mn(8.3-84.5 mg/kg)in vegetables of mining area was significantly higher than that(2.7-55.6 mg/kg)of recovery area. The vegetables of mining area and recovery area were polluted by Pb(0.6-33 mg/kg). The concentration range of Zn in vegetable was 1.9-6.5 mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals in soil was significantly exceeded the standard value and Pb pollution(1 993.5-2 213.5 mg/kg)was the most serious in all. The concentration of Pb was 40 times of Chinese soil environmental quality standard value. The concentrations of heavy metals in Phytolacca acinosa, Crassocephalum crepidioides and Xanthium sibiricum were different and the tolerances of heavy metal were strong. These three plants were the dominant plant of soil contaminated by heavy metals of waste area. Three plants were good phytoremediation plant and Phytolacca acinosa had the best tolerance and growth in all. The concentrations of Mn and Zn in the above-ground part of Phytolacca acinosa were highest and the concentrations of Zn in the under-ground part of Crassocephalum crepidioides was highest in all plants. The result provides scientific basis for rational utilization and remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals in Mn mine.

Key words: xiangtan mn mine, soil, vegetable, heavy metal, environmental safety, plant tolerance

中图分类号:

余光辉, 云琨, 翁建兵, 朱佳文, 张勇. 湘潭锰矿重金属环境安全及植物耐性研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(06): 1046-1051.

YU Guang-hui, YUN Kun, WEN Jian-bing, ZHU Jia-wen, ZHANG Yong. STUDY ON PLANT TOLERANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF HEAVY METALS POLLUTION IN XIANGTAN MANGANESE MINE IN CHINA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(06): 1046-1051.

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