长江流域资源与环境 >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (10): 1721-1728.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201510014

• 区域可持续发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于圈层建设用地密度分析的中国主要城市扩张的时空特征

焦利民1,2, 张欣1,2   

  1. 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 湖北 武汉 430079;
    2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-04 修回日期:2015-04-10 出版日期:2015-10-20
  • 作者简介:焦利民(1977~),男,教授,博士生导师.主要从事空间数据分析与建模、城市扩展等方面的研究.E-mail:lmjiao027@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(41171312)

CHARACTERIZING URBAN EXPANSION OF MAIN METROPOLISES IN CHINA BASED ON BUILT-UP DENSITIES IN CONCENTRIC RINGS

JIAO Li-min1,2, ZHANG Xin1,2   

  1. 1. School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Received:2014-01-04 Revised:2015-04-10 Online:2015-10-20

摘要: 基于圈层建设用地密度分析,提出了城市扩张核心度指数;通过计算城市扩张核心度指数和城市扩张强度指数,分析了1990~2010年中国27个主要城市距城市中心不同距离区域的城市扩张的时空模式。研究发现:(1)1990~2010年,大部分城市核心度指数不断降低,城市空间结构变化与国家区域政策密不可分,呈现明显的区域特征。1990~2000年东部沿海地区城市核心度值减少幅度较大,2000~2010年则是东北部和中西部城市降低明显。总体上看,西部和东北部城市的核心度指数要高于东部和中部的城市,结构更加紧凑。(2)城市扩张最活跃的地方总是出现在核心区边界附近,并不断向外推移。(3)城市的形态与城市的发展阶段密切相关。1990~2000年,一线城市扩张的强度和范围远大于其他城市;2000~2010年,二三线城市的扩张强度和范围明显增加。经济比较发达的城市,建设用地的扩张逐渐由单中心扩展向多中心协同发展转变,而经济相对落后西部城市和东北部城市,城市结构比较紧凑,保持着单中心的城市形态。

关键词: 城市扩张, 核心度指数, 扩张强度指数, 空间结构

Abstract: Over the past two decades, metropolises in China witnessed unprecedented growth rates in urban areas. The rapid growth of urban space could lead to a series of problems. The fact that China has the largest population manifests the negative consequences of urban expansion. A rigorous and quantitative comparison of urban growth among metropolitan areas will lend basic support to policy making on regional urban development and will help city planners, economists, environmentalists, etc. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion at different distance from city center in 27 metropolises in China using multi-temporal remotely sensed data. We use three satellite images obtained from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor system circa 1990, 2000 and 2010 for each city to develop maps of urban areas. A concentric partitioning method was employed to define urban core area and urban fringe on the basis of built-up density calculated in a series of 1km concentric rings. Urbanization Concentricity Index was proposed to measure the degree to which residential or non-residential development is close to urban core area. Then we calculated and analyzed Urbanization Intensive Index across a series of 1km buffer zones for each city to identify the location-based spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization. UII offers a measure of speed and intensity of urban expansion. The results showed that the spatial structure of these cities was closely related to national policies for regional development, demonstrating obvious regional characteristics. In general, the UCI value of the cities in western and northeastern China is higher in central and eastern China. Most cities exhibited lower UCI value in 2010 compared with 1990, showing a tendency toward dispersion. The highest UII for each city usually occurs around the urban core area and move outward over time. The UII value for second- and third-tier cities became quite small in rings more than 20 km away from city center. The area close to city center witnessed higher UII value in the first decade as compared with the second one. On the contrary, the UII value for the buffer zones away from the city center was much larger in the second decade. Urban form also correlated to the level of economic development to some extent. In the first decade, first-tier cities expanded more intensely and broadly than other cities. Some Second-and third-tier cities experienced significant urban expansion in the second decade, demonstrating a tendency towards decentralization in their development pattern. In 1990, almost all metropolises in China exhibited a trend of comprising one single large central area for the entire landscape. With the expansion of urban land and rapid new nuclei development, some developed cities exhibited a transition of urban space from being mono-centric to multi-nucleated in form, with the emergence of some sub-centers. However, some relatively less developed cities still retained their mono-centric urban space. It can be inferred that urban structure tends to transform from being monocentric to polycentric with the continuous development of economy.

Key words: urban expansion, urbanization concentricity index, urbanization intensive index, spatial structure

中图分类号: 

  • F291
[1] 张新乐,张树文,李 颖,等.近30年哈尔滨城市土地利用空间扩张及其驱动力分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(5):160-163.
[2] LIU Y S,YANG R.The Spatial Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the County Urbanization in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,67(8):1011-1020.
[3] BOLCA M,TURKYILMAZ B,KURUCU Y,et al.Determinationof impact of urbanization on agricultural land and wetland land use in Balçovas' Delta by remote sensing and GIS technique[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2007,131:409-419.
[4] ARONSON M F,LA SORTE F A,NILON C H,et al.A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers[J].Proc Biol Sci,2014,281 (1780),20133330.doi:10.1098/rspb.2013,3330.
[5] LIN W,SUI C-H,Yang L,et al.A numerical study of the influence of urban expansion on monthly climate in dry autumn over the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Theoretical and applied climatology,2007,89:63-72.
[6] STONE JR B.Urban sprawl and air quality in large US cities[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2008,86:688-698.
[7] ANGEL S,PARENT J,CIVCO D L,et al.The dimensions of global urban expansion:Estimates and projections for all countries,2000-2050[J].Progress in Planning,2011,75:53-107.
[8] ARRIBAS-BEL D,NIJKAMP P,SCHOLTEN H.Multidimensional urban sprawl in Europe:A self-organizing map approach[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2011,35:263-275.
[9] LIU X P,Li X,CHEN Y M,et al.A new landscape index for quantifying urban expansion using multi-temporal remotely sensed data[J].Landscape Ecology,2010,25:671-682.
[10] 李平星,孙 伟.改革开放以来苏南地区城市扩展格局与驱动机理研究[J].长江流域资源与环境.2013,22(12):1529-1536.
[11] SCHNEIDER A,SETO K C,WEBSTER D R,et al.Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Urban Dynamics in Chengdu,1975-2002[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(2).
[12] LI C,LI J,WU J.Quantifying the speed,growth modes,and landscape pattern changes of urbanization:a hierarchical patch dynamics approach[J].Landscape Ecology,2013,28:1875-1888.
[13] 陈顺清.城市增长与土地增值[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[14] CLARKE K C,HOPPEN S,GAYDOS J.A self-modifying cellular automatonmodel of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design.1997,24(2):247-261.
[15] DIETZEL C,OGUZ H,HEMPHILL J J,et al.Diffusion and coalescence of the Houston Metropolitan Area:evidence supporting a new urban theory[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2005,32(2):231-246.
[16] 姚士谋,陈 爽,吴建楠,等.中国大城市用地空间扩展若干规律的探索——以苏州市为例[J].地理科学,2009,29(1):15-21.
[17] QIAN M,PU L,ZHANG J,et al.Urban Spatial Expansion Characteristics in China's Rapid Urbanization Region-A Case Study of SXC Region[J].International Journal of Geosciences,2013,04:1365-1375.
[18] 匡文慧,邵全琴,刘纪远,等.1932年以来北京主城区空间利用扩张特征与机制分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(4):428-435.
[19] JAT M K,GARG P K,KHARE D.Modelling of urban growth using spatial analysis techniques:a case study of Ajmer city (India)[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(2):543-567.
[20] HEROLD M,COUCLELIS H,CLARKE K C.The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2005,29:369-399.
[21] LUCK M,WU J.A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern:a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region,Arizona,USA[J].Landscape ecology,2002,17:327-339.
[22] SOLON J.Spatial context of urbanization:Landscape pattern and changes between 1950 and 1990 in the Warsaw metropolitan area,Poland[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,93:250-261.
[23] SCHNEIDER A,WOODCOCK C E.Compact,Dispersed,Fragmented,Extensive? A comparison of Urban Growth in Twenty-five Global Cities using Remotely Sensed Data,Pattern Metrics and Census Information[J].Urban Studies,2008,45:659.
[24] SETO K C,FRAGKIAS M.Quantifying spatiotemporal pattern of urban land-use change in four cities of China with time serie landscap metrics[J].Landscape Ecology,2005,20:871-888.
[25] 李晓文,方精云,朴世龙.上海及周边主要城镇城市用地扩张空间特征及其比较[J].地理研究.2006,28(3):769-779.
[26] XU X L,MIN X B.Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in China using remote sensing data[J].Cities,2013,35:104-113.
[27] LIU J,KUANG W,ZHANG Z,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns,and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24:195-210.
[28] WANG L,LI C,YING Q,et al.China's urban expansion from 1990 to 2010 determined with satellite remote sensing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57:2802-2812.
[29] BLUMENFELD H.The tidal wave of metropolitan expansion[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1954,20(1):3-14.
[30] ANGEL S,PARENT J,DANIEL L,et al.The persistent decline of urban densities Global and historical evidence of sprawl.2010 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
[31] 梁书民,金陶陶.中国大城市建成区扩张与城郊耕地保护研究[J].环境保护,2005(11):59-63.
[1] 李沁, 沈明, 高永年, 张志飞. 基于改进粒子群算法和元胞自动机的城市扩张模拟——以南京为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(02): 190-197.
[2] 田柳, 陈江龙, 高金龙. 城市空间结构紧凑与土地利用效率耦合分析——以南京市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(01): 26-34.
[3] 马勇, 童昀. 水利旅游资源空间结构特征及自驾车可达性研究——以长江中游城市群国家水利风景区为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1167-1175.
[4] 杨丽婷, 刘大均, 赵越, 胡静, 张祥. 长江中游城市群森林公园空间分布格局及可达性评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(08): 1228-1237.
[5] 周琰, 张安录. 武汉城市圈城市用地扩张对经济增长贡献度的动态研究——“两型社会”试验区设置前后的比较[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(07): 1043-1051.
[6] 冯兴华, 钟业喜, 徐羽, 陈琳. 长江经济带区域空间结构演化研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(10): 1711-1720.
[7] 蒋金亮, 周亮, 吴文佳, 孙东琪, 徐建刚. 长江沿岸中心城市土地扩张时空演化特征——以宁汉渝3市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(09): 1528-1536.
[8] 李传武, 张小林, 吴威. 基于分形理论的江苏沿江城镇体系研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(01): 1-.
[9] 段七零. 长江流域的空间结构研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(9): 789-.
[10] 夏叡, 李云梅, 李尉尉. 无锡市城市扩张的空间特征及驱动力分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(12): 1109-.
[11] 尚正永, 张小林. 长江三角洲都市连绵区城市体系的分形特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(11): 997-.
[12] 聂 坚, 白永平, 孙 克, 王世金. “红三角”地区城镇体系结构分形研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(5): 673-673.
[13] 金晓斌,易理强,王慎敏,周寅康. 基于协调发展视角的区域发展差异研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(4): 511-511.
[14] 王 青,陈国阶. 成都市城镇体系空间结构研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(3): 280-280.
[15] 赵 媛,郝丽莎. 江苏省电力工业空间结构优化研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(3): 292-297.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 李 娜,许有鹏, 陈 爽. 苏州城市化进程对降雨特征影响分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(3): 335 -339 .
[2] 张 政, 付融冰| 杨海真, 顾国维. 水量衡算条件下人工湿地对有机物的去除[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(3): 363 .
[3] 孙维侠, 赵永存, 黄 标, 廖菁菁, 王志刚, 王洪杰. 长三角典型地区土壤环境中Se的空间变异特征及其与人类健康的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(1): 113 .
[4] 许素芳,周寅康. 开发区土地利用的可持续性评价及实践研究——以芜湖经济技术开发区为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 453 -457 .
[5] 郝汉舟, 靳孟贵, 曹李靖, 谢先军. 模糊数学在水质综合评价中的应用[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(Sup1): 83 -87 .
[6] 刘耀彬, 李仁东. 现阶段湖北省经济发展的地域差异分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(1): 12 -17 .
[7] 陈永柏,. 三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(2): 109 -113 .
[8] 时连强,李九发,应 铭,左书华,徐海根. 长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 458 -464 .
[9] 翁君山,段 宁| 张 颖. 嘉兴双桥农场大气颗粒物的物理化学特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(1): 129 .
[10] 王书国,段学军,姚士谋. 长江三角洲地区人口空间演变特征及动力机制[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(4): 405 .