秦巴山区水稻油菜配方施肥效益分析

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201701009

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2017, Vol. 26 >> Issue (01): 74-81.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201701009

秦巴山区水稻油菜配方施肥效益分析

赵佐平^1,2,3, 刘芬², 段敏^1,3, 同延安²

1. 陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西汉中 723001;
2. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
3. 陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西汉中 723001

收稿日期:2016-05-26 修回日期:2016-07-31 出版日期:2017-01-20
通讯作者: 同延安,E-mail:tongyanan@nwsuaf.edu.cn E-mail:tongyanan@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:赵佐平(1982~),男,博士,主要从事环境质量与作物营养研究.E-mail:zhaozuoping@126.com
基金资助:
国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203045）；陕西省2011协同创新中心项目（QBXT-Z（P）-15-5）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金（201501）

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FORMULATED FERTILIZATION OF RICE AND RAPE IN QIN-BA MOUNTAIN AREA

ZHAO Zuo-ping^1,2,3, LIU Fen², DUAN Min^1,3, TONG Yan-an²

1. College of Chemical and Environment, Science Shaanxi Sci-Tech University, Hanzhong 723001, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
3. Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi province, Hanzhong 723001, China

Received:2016-05-26 Revised:2016-07-31 Online:2017-01-20
Supported by:
Special Project of National Nonprofit Sector (Agriculture) of China(201203045);2011collaborative technology innovation in Shaanxi province(QBXT-Z(P)-15-5);Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment Open Foundation (201501)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解陕南秦巴山区主要农作物水稻、油菜测土配方施肥实施效果，更好地指导农户科学合理施肥。依据2009~2013年连续5 a测土配方施肥试验中主要农作物水稻、油菜3种不同施肥处理（农民习惯施肥、推荐施肥和不施肥处理）的326个试验数据，同时结合连续2 a调查数据，对陕南秦巴山区主要农作物施肥经济效益评价。结果显示，与农民习惯施肥相比，水稻施肥量为：氮（N）159±32 kg/hm²，磷（P₂O₅）79±20 kg/hm²，钾（K₂O）86±26 kg/hm²；油菜：氮（N）154±25 kg/hm²，磷（P₂O₅）77±13 kg/hm²，钾（K₂O）65±21 kg/hm²条件下作物分别增产703、341 kg/hm²，增产率分别为8.3%和14.9%，纯收益增加0.12万元/hm² 和0.10万元/hm²。肥料贡献率分别提高了5.2、7.1个百分点；农学效率每kg分别提高了0.5、0.6 kg。农户习惯施肥中作物产量、纯收益、肥料贡献率并未随肥料投入量的增大而增产增收。

关键词: 秦巴山区, 农作物, 配方施肥, 经济效益, 农学效率

Abstract: We investigated the current situation of fertilization and nutrients resource input problems of households on the main crops in the Qin-Ba mountain area, which is the main rice and rape production region in Shaanxi Province. The effect of optimized fertilization, farmers' fertilizer practices and no fertilizer on the yield, economic profit, fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and agronomy efficiency (AE) of rice and rape production under present conditions, field experiments of rice and rapeseed were conducted from 2009 to 2013 in the Qin-Ba mountain area. Compared with farmers' fertilizer practices, the yields of rice and rapeseed were improved about 703 and 341 kg·hm^-2 by optimized fertilization, the yield increase rates were 8.3% and 14.9%. The FCR to rice and rape seed by optimized fertilization were 5.2 and 7.1 percentage higher, corresponding to 0.5 and 0.6 kg·kg-1 higher of AE than farmers' fertilizer practices, respectively. The yields of rice and rapeseed could be increased by 85 and 69 thousand tons respectively through optimized fertilization, and the economic profit could be totally improved about 4.32 billion yuan in Qin-Ba mountain area. Optimized fertilization was one of the important measures to increase agricultural production, improving farmers' income and fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: Qin-Ba mountain area, crops, formulated fertilizer, economic profit, agronomy efficiency

中图分类号:

S147.5

赵佐平, 刘芬, 段敏, 同延安. 秦巴山区水稻油菜配方施肥效益分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(01): 74-81.

ZHAO Zuo-ping, LIU Fen, DUAN Min, TONG Yan-an. ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FORMULATED FERTILIZATION OF RICE AND RAPE IN QIN-BA MOUNTAIN AREA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(01): 74-81.

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