互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201701012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地土壤理化性质的影响，在长江口崇明东滩湿地设置了两条样线，利用配对试验设计，高潮滩为互花米草和芦苇群落配对样线，低潮滩为互花米草和海三棱藨草群落配对样线。结果表明，互花米草入侵对东滩湿地高潮滩和低潮滩的土壤温度和pH均无显著影响，且所有群落土壤pH值均在8.0以上。在高潮滩，与芦苇群落相比，互花米草入侵显著降低了土壤盐度、硫酸盐和Fe（III）/Fe（II）比率，而在低潮滩，与海三棱藨草群落相比，互花米草入侵对土壤盐度和硫酸盐无显著影响，但显著增加了土壤Fe（III）/Fe（II）比率。无论是高潮滩，还是低潮滩，与土著植物群落相比，互花米草入侵均显著增加了植物生物量，增加了土壤有机碳和微生物碳含量，而对占土壤总碳60%以上的无机碳含量无显著影响。互花米草入侵可以显著影响长江河口湿地部分土壤理化性质，且对不同潮位的部分土壤理化性质的影响有明显分异，进而可能会对长江河口湿地的生物地球化学过程及生态系统的结构和功能产生重要影响。

关键词: 互花米草, 长江河口湿地, 植物入侵, 土壤理化性质, 土壤有机碳, 土壤无机碳

Abstract: In this study we investigated the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil physical and chemical properties as well as potential underlying mechanisms of these effects in the wetlands of the Yangtze River estuary. Two sampling transects in the Dongtan wetland in the Yangtze River estuary, both parallel to the dike, were set up and three sites were evenly distributed on each transect. The transect in the high tidal zone, including three sites (H-sites), was 1.5 km long, and the other transect in the low tidal zone, also including three sites (L-sites), was 0.8 km long. At each site, closely adjacent S. alterniflora-Phragmites australis (H-sites) and S. alterniflora-Scirpus mariqueter (L-sites) stands were selected. In each of the adjacent stands, three plots were randomly selected for plant and soil sampling. This experimental design was used to minimize the potential effects of heterogeneous environmental conditions, such as tidal inundation in the wetland. In S. alterniflora stands, soil temperature was not significantly different from that in the native plant stands. Soil moisture was significantly higher in S. alterniflora stands than that in the native stands in both H-sites and L-sites. Soil pH was not affected by plant invasion or tide zones. At H-sites, soil salinity and sulfate content in S. alterniflora stands were significantly lower than those in P. australis stands, while there was no difference in soil salinity and sulfate content between S. alterniflora and S. mariqueter stands at L-sites. At H-sites, the soil Fe(III)/Fe(II) ratios in S. alterniflora stands were significantly lower than in P. australis stands, but were significantly higher than in the S. mariqueter stands in L-sites. In both H- and L-sites, plant biomass were significantly higher in S. alterniflora stands than those in the native plant stands. S. alterniflora stands experienced significantly higher SOC and SMBC than the native plant stands in both H-sites and L-sites. There were no significant difference in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) between plant species or tide zones. Estimated SIC in the Dongtan wetland accounted for more than 60% of total carbon in soil. The lack of difference in SIC between S. alterniflora and the native plant stands suggested that total carbon in coastal wetland soils cannot appropriately reflect the effects of S. alterniflora invasion. These results indicate that S. alterniflora invasion has significantly impacted soil physical and chemical properties of wetlands in the Yangtze River estuary and these effects differed greatly between tidal zones. These findings suggest that S. alterniflora invasion may profoundly impact decomposition of soil organic matter, biogeochemical processes as well ecosystem structure and functions through altering soil properties.

Key words: Spartina alterniflora, the Yangtze River estuary, plant invasion, soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon

中图分类号:

Q948

布乃顺, 胡悦, 杨骁, 张雪, 王俭, 李博, 方长明, 宋有涛. 互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(01): 100-109.

BU Nai-shun, HU Yue, YANG Xiao, ZHANG Xue, WANG Jian, LI Bo, FANG Chang-ming, SONG You-tao. EFFECTS OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA INVASION ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN WETLANDS OF THE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(01): 100-109.

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