Abstract: The response of stakeholders to the ecological compensation policy in the environmental protection renovation of the Three Gorges Barrier Area is the endogenous motive force to effectively construct the ecological barrier in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on the survey data of 608 residents in key emigration counties in the region, the acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP)  for the environmental protection attributes such as vegetation coverage, soil erosion, water quality, biodiversity, tourism landscape and their combination schemes of the special subjects (indigenous people and reservoir resettlers) in the region were analyzed by means of Choice Experiments. The results show that both aborigines and resettlers with different economic conditions have strong ecological awareness, but they failed to effectively transform into environmental protection behavior under the pressure of development; the two groups pay more attention to vegetation improvement and water conservation in ecological restoration of reservoir area (104.93 yuan), but pay less attention to species protection and tourism landscape (30.88 yuan) needed for sustainable development; the best combination that immigrants and aborigines are willing to pay is to restore vegetation and conserve soil and water (Plan 5), but the payment level of the former (392.97 yuan) is three times that of the latter (128.02 yuan); the resettlers cannot get enough ecological resources support from the barrier area, so it may be more efficient than a single ecological compensation.