Abstract: Based on the data of land use change survey from 2005 to 2015, combined with land use change model and ecosystem service value theory, it analyzes the evolution law of land use structure and changes of ecosystem service of county units in Yangtze-Hwai Ecological Economic Zone, Jiangsu province. The results show that the area of construction land and water area increased most greatly during the study period; the land use degree index shows a spatial pattern of high north and low south. the ecosystem service value increases slightly, and it was higher in the southern than the northern part of the study area, and the pattern shows that the urban area is low and the surrounding counties are higher; during the study period, the contribution of water area to the ecosystem service value and the regulation of the ecological environment the ecological economic zone in Yangtze-Hwai area are significant; combined with the status quo of regional construction and development, the study area is divided into the following five types on the county scale by using the ecosystem service value sensitivity index: priority conservation area, priority development zone, balanced protection zone, balanced development zone, adjustment development zone. The construction and development strategy have also been proposed to guide the development, construction and environmental protection in the ecological economic zone in Yangtze-Hwai Ecological Economic Zone scientifically.