长江流域资源与环境 >> 2021, Vol. 30 >> Issue (6): 1343-1355.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202106006

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江三角洲地区四季变化特征及城市化影响研究

胡艳1,史军1,2*,张敏3   

  1. (1. 上海市生态气象和卫星遥感中心,上海 200030;2.上海市青浦区气象局,上海 201700;3.江苏省气象服务中心,江苏 南京 210008)
  • 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-30

Variation in the Starting Date and Length of Four Seasons and Its Urbanization Effect in Yangtze River Delta During 1961-2017

HU Yan1, SHI Jun1,2, ZHANG Min3   

  1. (1.Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai 200030, China;
    2.Qing Pu Meteorological Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 201700,China; 3. Jiangsu Meteorological Service Center, Nanjing 210008, China)
  • Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-30

摘要: 基于1961~2017年长江三角洲地区(以下简称长三角)112个气象站点逐日气温数据和1981~2015年各气象站点周边10 km范围内建设用地面积变化资料,利用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall突变检验、相关性和显著性检验等气候统计方法,分析了长三角四季开始日期、四季长度变化特征及其受城市化的影响。结果表明:过去57年间,长三角入春和入夏日期分别以2.1和1.7 d/10a的趋势显著提早,入秋和入冬日期分别以2.0和1.3 d/10a的趋势显著推迟,并在几乎所有地区都呈提早或推迟趋势。长三角区域平均夏季长度以3.6 d/10a的趋势显著延长,冬季长度以3.5 d/10a的趋势显著缩短,且在长三角绝大部分地区都显著;春、秋季长度变化不显著。四季开始日期大多在20世纪90年代中后期发生显著突变。区域内城市建设用地的增长与四季变化具有较好的对应关系。城市化进程引起的建设用地增长,导致了下垫面地表物理属性的改变和地表能量平衡变化,促进四季增温并使春夏季提早、秋冬季推迟和夏季长度的增加、冬季长度的缩短。

Abstract: Based on daily air temperature data at 112 meteorological stations in Yangtze River Delta and the change of construction land area within 10 km of each station from 1981 to 2015, the variation characteristics in the starting date and the length of four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their impacts by urbanization were analyzed using climatic statistical methods, such as linear trend, Mann-Kendall test, correlation and significance test. The results showed that in the past 57 years, the starting dates of spring and summer in Yangtze River Delta were significantly earlier at 2.1 days and 1.7 days per decade respectively, while the those of autumn and winter presented a later trend by 2.0 days and 1.3 days per decade respectively, and showed earlier (later) trends in almost all regions. As a whole, the length of summer increased significantly by 3.6 days per decade, while that of winter shortened significantly by 3.5 days per decade in most areas of Yangtze River Delta. The length of spring and autumn did not change significantly. The starting date of four seasons all had abrupt change in the middle and late 1990s. There is a good correspondence between the increase of urban construction land area and the change of four seasons. The increase of construction land area caused by urbanization led to the change of surface physical properties, which changed the surface energy budget, promoted the seasonal temperature increase, and made the earlier spring and summer, later autumn and winter and longer summer and shorter winter.

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