Abstract: Urban vitality is the guarantee for urban sustainable development. This study quantitatively evaluated the vitality of Changzhou from two aspects of vitality representation and vitality composition by using methods such as entropy method, space syntax and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis and data on population grid, points of interest and nighttime light. Then, the spatial distribution pattern of urban vitality and the spatial correlation between vitality representation and vitality composition were analyzed. The results showed that the vitality of Changzhou presents the single-center feature of ‘high in the center and low in the surroundings’ and extends outward along the planning development axis. In general, the blocks’ POI density and local accessibility show significant positive correlation with vitality representation, while the global accessibility shows negative correlation with vitality representation. Improving the blocks’ local accessibility and functional facilities density is beneficial for attracting human activities and promoting urban vitality, but improving the blocks’ global accessibility by constructing regional roads may lead to the decline of vitality. In addition it can also be found that there is a partial mismatch between human activities and space function. On the one hand, some urban villages and old community with high intensity of human activities show insufficient function configuration. On the other hand, the small commercial, industrial and residential activity centers outside the inner ring have a high density of functional facilities but their service population and service scope are limited. In conclusion, this study reveals the spatial distribution and correlation characteristics of urban vitality in Changzhou city, and identifies the mismatch between human and space, which can provide reference for urban vitality construction, resource allocation and urban management.