Abstract: To provide food safety information of Bellamya aeruginosa in Lake Taihu Basin , the population from six water systems of the Lake Taihu Basin were collected for analyzing their bioaccumulation characteristics of seven heavy metals (Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,As and Hg) in foot masses. The pollution and dietary risk of heavy metals were assessed using three methods, including the single factor pollution index，the weekly /monthly average intakes and the target hazard quotient (THQ).The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr in the Taoge water system were highest, which were 112.108, 248.625, 4.422, and 7.791 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of Cd, As, and Hg in Tiaoxi water system was highest, which were 0.290, 2.943, and 0.059 mg/kg, respectively. The results of THQs showed that there is no single heavy metal potential health risk in each water system,with except As, but the total target hazard quotient results showed that the TTHQ value of heavy metals in each water system was greater than 1, and the contribution rate of As exceeds 80%, indicating there were potential health risks of B．aeruginosa via long-term consumption by residents in Lake Taihu basin and the risk of total target hazard quotient mainly ascribed the pollution of As element. The ranking of the total target hazard quotient in the five water systems was Taoge water system> Tiaoxi water system> Yanjiang water system> Huangpu River water system> Hangzhou Bay-Yangtze River Estuary water system.