Abstract: To understand the community structure of macroinvertebrates and health status in Huangbai River, we set up 13 sites to to investigate the physical and chemical factors of macroinvertebrates and the water body. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, FBI, B-IBI and QHEI were used to evaluate Huangbai River's ecological health comprehensively, Also, the four evaluation methods and their relationship with environmental factors were compared. The results showed that 31 taxa of macroinvertebrates were collected, belonging to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 14 orders, and 27 families, mainly aquatic insects and mollusks. There is spatial heterogeneity in the health status of the Huangbai River. There are differences among the evaluation results of Shannon-Wiener, FBI, B-IBI, and QHEI. Still, the performance of the whole basin is the same. The health status of the west branch is the best, the east branch is general, and the mainstream is the worst. The relationship with environmental factors shows that the Shannon-Wiener and FBI can indicate dissolved oxygen, the B-IBI can indicate water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. QHEI can indicate water temperature, conductivity, and the proportion of forest manufactured surface. The comparative analysis shows that Shannon-Wiener is not suitable for oligotrophic river sections. The FBI can express most of the information of macrobenthos communities and characterize the habitat quality. Compared with the FBI, B-IBI is more closely related to other evaluation methods. The B-IBI can contain more community information and more comprehensively reflect the health status of the Huangbai River.