Abstract: From March to November in 2021, a deep research focuses on the rural settlement plant was carried on in the low mountain and hilly area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (Yidu City). The research identified 171 species, 69 families and 147 genera of plants in total. The characteristics of plant community composition in this area were analyzed by flora and frequency index; the research also analyzed and summarized 12 allocation modes based on the investigation of different habitat types in rural settlements. The result shows that the family level flora is mainly distributed in the tropics, of which 35 families are distributed in the pantropic, accounting for 20.7% of the total families; The distribution areas of genus are mainly pantropic(29 genera) and north temperate(28 genera), accounting for 19.7% and 19% of the total genera in this area; The floristic composition of families and genera has the nature of transition from tropical zone to temperate zone; The composite family, Compositae，Rosaceae and Gramineae are the dominant families; The frequently appeared local tree species are Koelreuteria bipinnata， Broussonetia papyrifera，Liquidambar formosana and so on. On the basis of the above research, reasonable suggestions aiming at the selection of plant species and community construction of rural settlements are putting forward from the aspects of species protection, habitat maintenance and ecological restoration for the ecological environment construction in this area. The suggestion also provides reference for the improvement of rural ecological environment in low mountain and hilly areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.