Abstract: Macrobenthos is usually used to indicate the ecological health of rivers and lakes. The Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI) was established based on sampling macroinvertebrates communities at 43 sampling sites (including 8 reference sites and 35 impaired sites) in the river and lake system in Tongling City in August and November, 2020. We have analyzed the distribution range, discriminant ability and correlation of 46 candidate parameters, and selected the number of taxonomic units, the number of gastropoda units, the Margalef richness index, and the number of shredder units as the core parameters of B-IBI index system, in which the ratio method is used to calculate the score value and evaluation standard of each index. The results showed that the average score of the B-IBI is 1.47 in the river and lake system of Tongling City, and the whole river is in the Sub-optimal health. Among the 43 sites, 9 sites were in good health, 14 sites were in Sub-health, 5 sites were in fair condition, 7 sites were in poor condition, and 8 sites were in extremely poor condition. The study can provide scientific basis for ecological health assessment and river-lake management in cities along the Yangtze River.