Abstract: With the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, to promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it is necessary to improve the carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industry and promote the green low-carbon transformation of the industry. Based on the relevant data of manufacturing industry and high carbon manufacturing industry in various provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019, the carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is calculated through the super efficiency SBM model, and its temporal and spatial change characteristics are analyzed. The influencing factors are studied through the panel fixation effect model . The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry is continuously improved from 2006 to 2019; The carbon emission efficiency shows a spatial distribution pattern of “lower, middle and upper reaches” decreasing, and the spatial difference is narrowing as a whole. (2) The carbon emission efficiency of high carbon manufacturing industry is significantly different, and the spatial distribution of carbon emission efficiency of different high carbon manufacturing industries is different. (3) Industry growth capacity, industry energy utilization efficiency, industry scale, per capita GDP level and urbanization rate have a positive impact on the carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while industry FDI and industrialization level have a negative impact on it; The effect of factors on the upstream, middle and downstream areas is different. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the coordinated green development of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, actively promote urbanization, improve the efficiency and structure of foreign direct investment in manufacturing, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing, guide the improvement of energy utilization efficiency of manufacturing, and promote high-quality green development of manufacturing.