Abstract: Nowadays almost all the countries are concerned of the exploitation and land harnessing along big river watershed. Industry clusters of high density and high intensity under the great exploitation in Jiangsu Province along the Yangtze River will bring pressure onto the water quality in the river. On the basis of the social, economical and investigated environmental monitoring data, the results revealed that the pollutant load of Yangtze River in Jiangsu province contains 210 997.80×10\+4t total waste water,380 817.20 t COD\-\{Cr\} and 28 391.36t of NH\-3N in 2002，and will be 395 977.10×10\+4 t,598 197.80 t and 42 381.56 t respectively in 2010 as predic, with the increase ratio being 87.7 %,57.1 % and 49.3 % respectively. As for the polluted source treatment, more than 90% industrial waste water have met the discharge standard in China, but both domestic sewage disposal plant number and treatment depth can not meet the actual increase of domestic sewage treatment. On the purpose of the protection of ecological environment and the water source security, several principal countermeasures such as optimizing industrial structure, cutting down the pollutant load, strengthening the waste water treatment plant building and improving the main creeks treatment in the area are put forward.

Key words: the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, great exploitation in Jiangsu Province along the Yangtze River, water environment, pollutant load 