Abstract: Rural transformation is an important way to stimulate the vitality of rural development and achieve sustainable development of rural areas. It is of great significance to carry out in-depth research on rural transformation development in contiguous and extremely poor areas to promote the organic connection between targeted poverty alleviation and Rural Revitalization. By constructing the evaluation index system of rural transformation, using the method of mean square deviation decision-making and geographical detector, this paper studies the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural transformation in Wuling mountain area of Hunan Province from 2006 to 2016. The results show that: (1) from The overall rural transformation degree in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province shows an obvious upward trend, the number of counties with higher rural transformation degree is increasing, and the number of counties with lower rural transformation degree is decreasing. (2) The high value areas of rural transformation are mainly located in Jishou City, Hecheng District, Wulingyuan District, Lengshuijiang City and other counties (cities and districts), while the low value areas are mainly located in the southeast and northwest of the area, showing a spatial pattern characteristic of “high in the middle area and low in the northwest-southeast area”. (3) The spatial differentiation of rural transformation in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province is the result of a multiple factors. GDP per capita and fixed asset investment per capita are the leading factors, followed by local fiscal revenue per capita, retail sales of social consumer goods per capita and savings deposits per capita;The interaction among the influencing factors has a stronger effect on the spatial differentiation of rural transformation. Different regions should reasonably and orderly promote the transformation and development of rural areas in a reasonable and orderly way, so as to realize the organic connection between targeted poverty alleviation and Rural Revitalization.