Since 《Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin》 has been founded twenty years ago,journals are beating with the pulse of the development of the Yangtze River,describing the course of the implementation of “the Yangtze Strategy” scientifically,and also paving the way for development and protection of the Yangtze River.In the early 90’s,“the synthetical study of Yangtze Basin industry belt construction” demonstrated the objective and way of the Yangtze River Industrial Belt construction.After twenty years of development,the world’s largest inland industry zone and the international important manufacturing base has been built along the Yangtze River presently.Also it has become the engine of national economic construction and the forefront of reform and opening up.At the same time,the Yangtze basin has been facing complex resources and environmental problems and the task of environmental protection and construction has a long way to go.Judging from the sustainable development,the Yangtze basin has countless topics need to explore and study.《Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin》 has exuberant vitality as a comprehensive academic journal

Without the change of the development mode,everything we do for improving the environment is in vain.Why the change of the development mode in China is “a revolution”?Why the phenomena of disorderly competition,production overplus,overconsuming resources and damaging environment is increasing?The change of the development mode is the chance for China to develop.We “open the door” and attract investment,introduce a lot of elements socialist construction demanded,and we make the great achievements. In fact,we have no choice to achieve the goal of “ensuring economy increase,ensuring employment,ensuring people’s livelihood,ensuring stabilization”.“Chinese development mode” is the development mode of three impetus combined.It means that millions of enterprises improve the national development by the internal and external impulse,which is the common characteristic of many countries.We will find that political civilization and culture civilization consumed the material wealth at least

Being one of the key factors for the regional development,populationrelated issues have great effects on the region sustainable development.Nowadays,Yangtze River Delta is one of the regions having the rapidest economic growth,the highest total economic output,the most intensive population density,and the greatest development potential.Accompanied with the process of the integration of the regions in Yangtze River Delta,it becomes possible to manage the population in the region level.From the perspective of population distribution in Yangtze River Delta,which areas should promote the population growth,and which areas should control the population growth?It is necessary to consider the regional development potential of the areas,and also to consider the restriction and promotion to the population distribution by the regional fundamental conditions.This paper analyzed the features on the population size,growth trends and distribution of Yangtze River Delta through some models with the statistical data and GIS methods.Then,the paper predicts the population size of the Yangtze River Delta in 2020,and gets the optimized distribution of the population in this region by the CobbDouglas model and the method of suitability assessing for the population growth and distribution.The total region is divided into four different types of sub areas,which are Optimized Growth Area,Rapid Growth Area,Growth Area and Limited Growth Area.Optimized Growth Area,consisting of the urban areas of Nanjing,Wuxi, Shanghai,Hangzhou,Ningbo and Suzhou,may maintain the growth trend in recent period,but the growth speed should be slow down step by step,and followed by it,the structure and quality of population should be improved.Rapid growth Area,consisting of the sub urban area of Shanghai,Zhangjiagang,Changshu,Wujiang,Taicang,Jiangyin and the urban area of Nantong,Taizhou, Jiaxing, with more population concentration potential,should have high population growth speed.Growth Areas,consisting of parts of the cities of Nantong, Taizhou and Huzhou,the county and county cities in the west of Hangzhou,Shaoxing and most parts of Taizhou,with low population concentration ability,may maintain a certain population growth speed.Limited Growth Areas,consisting of Xinghua,the southwest parts of Huzhou, the north parts of Yangzhou,Yangzhong,Chongming,Chunan,Shengzhou,Xianju,Tiantai and Ninghai,with high ecological importance and more environmentally sensitive in the regional level,should limit the population growth to reduce the pressure on the ecological environment.In a quite long period of time,as the area of high population density and high concentration on population migration in national level,Yangtze River Delta Region still takes responsibility to absorb more population and the results show that the population of Yangtze River Delta Region will reach 120 million in 2020,which is about 20 million more than the current population.From the population growth of the county level cities during 2003-2008,population grow rate of the most parts of limited growth areas is lower than 1%.So,on the whole,the trend of population change in Yangtze River Delta Region is more reasonable.It also can be seen that the population of optimized growth areas remain high growth rate,and so do with some limited growth areas.Such growth trend of population is not conducive to raise the benefits of population agglomeration scale and reduce the pressure on ecological space by population growth.From the point of longterm development,in order to solve the problem of population agglomeration deficiency in the developing areas,the integration management in the Yangtze River Delta should control excessive agglomeration tendency of population into several areas.For example,it should be done to encourage the population to migrate into the suburb of Shanghai,the region of SuXiChang and Shanghai neighbor areas,Nantong urban areas,and Jiaxing,Ningbo.In this way,it can reduce the pressure on the transportation and the environment caused by excessive population growth in the parts of regions.

At present,regarding the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center,Shanghai has formed the sea industry belt,the Yangshan deepwater port as the core,the Lingang New City and the Chongming Islands as the backing,the Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal area along the river initially as the two wings.But the level, the scale and the development condition of Shanghai Marine Technology Innovation is not adapt to the economic strategy of Shanghai itself.And the lead role of the long triangle region Marine Technology Innovation service also need enhance.Under this background,this article adopts the strength,the weak, the opportunity and the threat four aspects of Shanghai Marine Technology Innovation to carry on the SWOT analysis.According to the analysis,the author thinks that Shanghai has some advantages like region factor and economy factor in developing marine technology.But in order to achieve the better development of Shanghai Marine Technology,Shanghai should strengthen the investment of marine technology innovation and seize the opportunity of expanding marine economy in the World and China. 

The 21st is the century of the ocean. With coastal development plans becoming the important development strategies of state one after another, the marine economy becomes a key point of our academic research.However,as the center of our country’s “T” type land development axis,the coastal region of Jiangsu has not developed as well as other coastal region in China.Based on the theory of the evolution of industrial structure,this paper used the method of grey correlation analysis to study the coastal industrial development of Jiangsu province from the angle of industrialrelation.This study discovered that the marine tertiary industry,such as the coastal tourism,the marine transportation and so on,is backward in development.And these industries are closely related to the economic output of the whole Jiangsu coastal area.On the contrary,the marine second industry such as the marine chemical which is lightly related to the economic output accounts for the great proportion of the whole economic output. In order to achieve the transformation and turn to developed area from the less developed area,the Jiangsu coastal region should make efforts to develop the tertiary industry,cultivate the port industry group,develop new marine industry actively and upgrade its whole industrial structure

Building the resourcesaving and environmentfriendly society is a rational choice for Wuhan megalopolis.It is a new regional economic development model.During the period of 2006~2010,we employ the analytic hierarchy process method to study the performances assessment of resource economical and environment friendly society level in Wuhan megalopolis.Through the analysis,Wuhan megalopolis gets comprehensive development.Not only the economic develop,but also the resource utilization level and environmental quality are improved in Wuhan megalopolis.But it also has some of defect,like poor resource saving ratio,low society development level and imbalance development among Wuhan megalopolis,etc.For these disadvantages,four suggestions are put forward:build a more harmonious society,raise the utilization ratio of resource,improve the radiation effect of Wuhan,and innovate mechanism of  system,etc

With the progressive development of market economy,the marketization of rural area in China enters into a new stage,and its relation with the land use behaviors of rural households becomes closer and closer.This paper analyzes the impacts of rural marketization on rural household’s cultivated land transfer,which composes of agricultural products market and land transfer market.Methods employed include farmer questionnaire survey and Heckman’s twostage regression model analysis.The results indicate that the level of the cultivated land transfer rent and the value of agricultural product sale bring remarkable influence on cultivated land transfer,which determine the rural household’s land expectation and agricultural benefit.The same factor exerts contrary influence on the cultivated land outflow and inflow.Other factors like features of rural households,cultivated land resources,and regional differences have significant influence on the cultivated land transfer,which are in agreement with the driving forces of the cultivated land transfer.It is concluded that the market of rural land transfer and agricultural products are distempered.It puts forward that the perfection of market mechanism of land transfer and agricultural products,as well as the development of modern agriculture and land scale management,will contribute to promote the farmers’ material benefits and improve the rural land use structure

The increasing human activities coupled with natural factors such as climate change,have resulted in increasingly prominent water threats in the Yangtze River,including water environment,water hazards and water ecological problems.This paper macroscopically analyzes water problems that the Yangtze River is facing,including deterioration of water quality in part of the main reaches of the River and the Three Gorges Reservoir bay and its tributaries,eutrophication of lakes,heavy flooding disaster resulted from low rainfall,seasonally water shortage in lake plain areas,and biological resources degradation in the River and the lakes.The anthropic factors including accelerating industrialization and urbanization at watershed scale,rapid land use/cover change,construction of a series of key hydraulic projects,excessively exploit of lake resources,as well as the natural factors such as climate change which impact the water problems in the Yangtze River are revealed.Prevention and controlling strategies related to those water problems are put forward,including encouraging regional exploitation in order,promoting integrated watershed management,and optimizing the operation of the key hydraulic projects

The increasingly serious problem of water resource crisis directly affects the regional security and the sustainable development of nature,economy and society.Understanding the hydrological space issue based on the water resource regeneration capability,protecting wetlands and rationally allocating wetlands in a basin are the basis for maintaining the healthy terrestrial hydrological cycle.Wetlands,whose irreplaceable functions should not be ignored,are the sustainable space of water regulation.Human activities have led to a large number of wetlands extinction,which,furthermore,obviously weakened hydrological space effects of wetlands and significantly increased the regional flood risk at the meantime.As for the guarantee of watershed water security,wetlands rational allocation is the foundation of vital concernment for solving this problem

The security of drinking water is the biggest livelihood project in China.And it has been the hot research topic in resources management.Based on the fieldwork,department interviews and provisions analysis,we study the drinking water sources management of Tai Lake in Suzhou.The results show that the drinking water sources management in China has institutional characteristics of division management of water resources and water environment,overlapped management of basin and administrative region,which qualified preliminary framework for integrated management.Besides,the thought of basin governance for the protection of water resources is deficient,and the control of agricultural nonpoint pollution system has poor institutional support.Furthermore,the management tools rely mainly on commandcontrol methods with insufficient economic incentive and public participation.As a result,we suggest that it can improve the management efficiency to establish the coordination mechanism,perfect the economic incentive ways,promote public participation and implement the common responsibility mechanism

Fish community structure were analyzed based on the investigation in Gezhouba Reservoir during May to June and November to December,2009-2010.The catches in the whole investigation consisted of 55 species belonging to 10 families,6 orders,and most were cyprinids,accounting for 673% of the total species number.There were no significant differences between the two sampling seasons in diversity and community structure.〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri,Parabramis pekinensis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Saurogobio dabryiwere〖WTBZ〗 were the most abundant species,with their average body length as 914±157 mm,2197±353 mm,867±160 mm and 1025±223 mm，respectively.With regard to ecological groups,lentic species and riverlake migratory species were dominated in the reservoir,accounting for 502% and 465%,respectively.Abundance biomass comparison curve showed that the fish community of Gezhouba Reservoir was affected moderately.Based on the ecological group analysis,the fish community structure of Gezhouba Reservoir was similar to that of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and obviously different from that in the previous catchment area of Gezhouba Dam and the section of Yichang before the construction of Gezhouba Dam in the Yangtze River.Altered hydrodynamics had a significant impact on fish community structure

Based on monthly precipitation data from 1956 to 2009 that gathered from 19 key meteorological stations in Hubei province,the classification of annual and monthly precipitation were carried out by hierarchical clustering analysis,in which the optimal numbers of clusters were yielded according to the scree plots and dendrograms of cluster analysis.And then the rationality of the classification by compared them with the moves of the western pacific subtropical high was discussed.Subsequently,the autocorrelation and linear trend of precipitation in each region were explored by autocorrelation analysis and trend analysis.The results showed that the optimal number of cluster for annual and monthly precipitation in Hubei province were 5,3,3,4,3,5,4,3,3,3,4,3,3,respectively.There were close relationship between monthly classification of precipitation and the moves of the western pacific subtropical high.And there were more different partition pattern when ridge line of the subtropical high was at the south of latitude 18°N,at the north of latitude 20°N and slowly back to south.Autocorrelation analysis and trend analysis showed that a single meteorological station could not represent the climatic characteristics of the partition,and the partition could not represent the climatic characteristics of Hubei province.It will help to study specific regional climatic characteristics by partition and integrate based on different purposes

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China,and the nonpoint source pollution from agriculture is one major cause of water pollution with local intensive industrial and agriculture developing.The systematic analysis of the distribution featur of nitrogen and phosphorus and the source pollution contribution rate will provide necessary basis for the rational allocation of agricultural resource in Poyang Lake.
Pollution loads mainly nitrogen,phosphorus pollutants from agricultural nonpoint pollution sources in 12 counties around the Poyang Lake has been analyzed by Export Coefficient Approach, based on the data from 1997~2007.Meanwhile,Markov model and Gray predication model is used to predict the change of land use and livestock population, and the source pollution during 2011 to 2020.The land use, livestock and poultry,and agricultural population in the research area were considered as major nutrition sources to the loads.The results show that TN/TP take on a steady upward trend,the highly loaded area of nonpoint pollution mainly concentrated in the Nanchang County，Xinjian County  and Nanchang city.In the forecast year,TN/TP have a obvious increasing trend from 2011 to 2020，and the average growth rate of TN/TP will reach 1746% and 1602%.
The pollution load of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock breeding had got significant increasing trend among three nutrient sources,the contribution rate of land use and agricultural population had a downward trend which reveals livestock pollution will be the main nonpoint source pollution around the Poyang Lake.It is forecasted that the contribution rate of every nutrient source in the Poyang Lake has the same variation tendency in 2011~2020 compared with 1997~2007:the contribution rate of the output load of the beasts and birds has significant increasing trend as time goes on,because the scale of the poultry farming is growing gradually;the contribution rate of the output load of the agricultural population has a downward trend,mainly because the agricultural population gradually reduces with the development of urbanization. The total land area within Poyang Lake is unchanging,but the urban land increases and arable land shrinks,which makes the contribution rate of the TN / TP load of the land output has a decreasing tendency over time.With the help of GIS,the spatial characteristics of TN &TP in the surrounding areas has been represented.Among counties and cities of Poyang Lake,point source pollution load intensity in four counties of Nanchang is higher than that of the whole research area,the main pollution in Nanchang is livestock output,contribution rate has come to 50%.Some key control region of nonpoint source pollution in the research area has been explained and pointed out

The increasingly ecological and environmental problems indicate that ecological science currently plays only marginal roles in the decisionmaking of sustainable development in China.This article systematically analyzes the reasons that may decrease the effect of ecological knowledge on policy,and finds that the most important reason is the improper form of the ecological knowledge ecologists provided to decisionmakers.As a kind of measurable characteristics related to the structure,composition,or function of ecosystem,ecological indicator is one of the effective forms for transferring ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers.Ecological indicator translates the complicated ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers in an easy understanding way,which make the informed decisions with ecological knowledge possible.Actually,the ecological indicator that developed by ecologists together with policy makers and decision makers would be the bridge between ecological science and policy.Furthermore,this kind of ecological indicator is very helpful to narrow the gap between ecologists and policy makers,and to facilitate developing the ecological policies with sound ecolgoical science.In order to make the ecological science serve the policy more effectively,ecological indicators should be integrated with wellknown socialeconomic indicators.For decision makers,those ecological indicators will be more useful

The lakeside wetlands, the buffer zones where nonpoint source pollutants discharged into lakes,could provide a natural protection barrier for the lakes.Phosphorus is the main component of the nonpoint source pollution and hard to be removed from water body, and its overloading is a significant reason causing lake eutrophication.The phosphorus concentrations could be largely reduced in the lakeside wetlands.It is significant to reveal the phosphorus removal and retention mechanisms in the lakeside wetlands,for controlling water pollution and protecting lake ecosystems.This study is about the progress and key issues of the phosphorus removal and retention in the lakeside wetlands.The key point for lake eutrophication control is to enhance the phosphorus removal efficiency and promote the ecological function of the lakeside wetlands on the basis of macroand microanalysis

Based on retrievals of atmospheric water vapor and HDO from the TES,space distribution of δD in atmospheric water vapor over Asia is studied.In the vertical direction,the annual average δD is decreasing with altitude in the troposphere,minimizing at 80~100 hPa in the tropopause,and increasing with altitude in the stratosphere.δD isoline is straight between 500 hPa and tropopause,and  shows more fluctuant below 500 hPa.In the isobaric surface,the annual average δD shows marked zonal distribution in the troposphere,and generally decreases with latitude.δD decreases from ocean to mainland at same latitude in low latitude area.The seasonal differences are positive in the Asian continent which is at middle latitude.Both the magnitude and the distribution scope of positive ΔδD values are gradually decreasing from west to east.ΔδD values is negative both at low latitude and high latitude area.ΔδD values in ocean is significantly lower than that in land at the same latitude.In addition,we find that distribution of both annual average and seasonal differences of δD in the isobaric surface in the stratosphere is contrary to that in the troposphere

In order to clarify the pollution status of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in surface water of Poyang Lake,30 water samples in the Poyang Lake and 2 water samples in the Yangtze River were collected from April 7th to April 9th in 2011.The PFOS and PFOA concentrations were detected by using Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS).The aims of the present study are to examine the pollution level and spatial variation of PFOA and PFOS in surface water samples collected from the Poyang Lake. The ranges of PFOS and PFOA concentrations in surface water of the Poyang Lake were from undetectable to 071 ng/L and from 030 ng/L to 189 ng/L,respectively, with the average of 035 ng/L and 110 ng/L,respectively.The PFOA and PFOS concentrations in surface water of the Yangtze River (site 0) were 1511 ng/L and 081 ng/L,respectively.The spatial variation of the total PFCs showed the higher concentration in the south part than in the north part of the Poyang Lake.This might be due to the different PFCs sources and hydrodynamics of the Poyang Lake.The above results demonstrate that the pollution levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Poyang Lake are still low

This paper mentions, evaluates and gives suggestions on some of the United States government programs that promote clean energy. It also shows the programs effectiveness and cost. The reason the United States was chosen as an example is due to the fact that it is the world's largest investor in clean and renewable energy and can be used as a model demonstrating what happens when the government, not the free market is the main promoter of a clean and renewable energy program. The programs that will be discussed and analyzed are: Nuclear cleanup, weatherizing modest income homes, the manufacturing of advanced car battery (traction) systems and components and the Car Allowance Rebate System. The cost ineffectiveness of each program is demonstrated clearly when it becomes evident that all of these programs can not continue without government funding. Additionally, deadlines for finishing projects are not met, costs exceed estimates, and government funding is used for purposes other than its original intention.

Based on the reconstruction results about the climate change facts and the process in the history in China,the relationship between climate change and the drought disasters in the Poyang Lake Basin since the Song Dynasty is analyzed by the research of historical documents.The results show that,the frequency of drought disaster increased,and the severe drought years and the consecutive dry year group might be appeared when the climate was dry and cold period.The temperature showed the trend of increasing,daily precipitation strength increased markedly,and the extreme events of flood or drought occurred more frequently by statistical analysis on the meteorological and hydrological data in recent 60 years. In order to effectively relief the drought,the management of water demand would be enhanced and water would be given priority conservation,the reservoirs in danger for safe would be repair to fully play the function of water resources projects,the reevaluation the function of existing water resources projects for implementation of adaptive management and the water resources projects in harmony with nature would be constructed to increase water supply capacity

Agriculture is the main industry of Jiangxi Province,and Jaingxi Province is the important base of food and cotton production in China. Heavy drought happened frequently in the last ten years, and it caused huge loss of agriculture production and damaged the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper collected and analyzed the relative references and the date of agricultural disaster from Jiangxi Agriculture Department, combining with the filed survey on agricultural disaster in Duchang and Xingzi County with the high drought index. The influence of drought on agriculture development of Jiangxi Province was discussed and the driving forces of agricultural drought disaster were assessed. The results showed that the drought stress frequently happened in autumn and decreased food and cotton production of Jiangxi Province, especially in Poyang Lake area. The forces driving agricultural drought disaster included uneven distribution of precipitation, red soil with low water holding capacity, old irrigation and water conservation facility not working efficiently, destroyed plant pattern conserving water and building large water conservancy facility liable to chang hydrological process. In the last,based on the above mentioned driving forces,this paper suggested the integrated and effective countermeasure to alleviating agricultural drought disaster