With the development of economic integration,the economic links between cities had been increasing,it would inevitably lead to the logistics demand increased between cities.By drawing on the application of the gravity model in economy,the economic linkages were analyzed among cities in Jiangsu coastal areas.The results showed that the strength of economic ties became weak as the distance increasing;regarding the regional central cities as center,radial circle construction and three levels was present;competition to economic hinterland became more obvious among the regional central cities.Based on the network principle of transportation geography,the economical relation characteristics were further investigated from flow rate and direction of passenger,cargo and information.The results indicated that the cargo flow of LianyungangNantong played a major role;passenger flow of LianyungangNantong was more than the others;inconvenient information transmission and weak information flow was dominant.According to the spatial characteristics of economic contact and logistic flow,some suggestions for strengthening region economic cooperation were put forward

To evaluate the industrial efficiency of  various regions in China under environmental constraints,this article adopted the SEDEA (Superefficiency Data Envelopment Analysis) method to calculate the industrial efficiency of 31 provinces and cities in China based on the panel data of regional industry of year 2005~2009,and revealed the overall status of development and regional disparities of industrial efficiency.In the process of assessment,this article utilized the social willingness to pay for environmental impacts to represent the environmental inputs of industry in China,making up for the deficiency of coping with unexpected outputs by previous research.Through comparative study of outcomes generated by different evaluation models,the disparities of extent of impacts by environmental problems on industrial efficiency between regions were reflected.Based on the results,projection pursuit method was applied to weight score,manifesting the comprehensive condition of regional industrial efficiency.It showed that superiority of eastern part to middle and western parts was obvious,while middle part was superior to western part.Based on the results of efficiency evaluation, this article briefly analyzed some provinces in each region,and put forward some suggestions for improvement of regional industry efficiency

Forecasting longterm intensity of carbon emissions in China has important significance for policy makers to macroeconomy management and EnergySaving Emission Reduction Efficiency.Based on analysis of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and neural networks (NN) models,this paper presented an ensemble approach to the intensity of carbon emission time series forecasting which integrated ARIMA with NN.The time series was considered of a linear autocorrelation structure and nonlinear structure,and then the change trend of intensity of carbon emissions was analyzed and predicted.The forecast results indicate that the carbon intensity is gradually declined in the next ten years，but the intensity of  carbon emissions  in 2020 decreases only by 34% based on the 2005 level.The Chinese government proclaimed a mitigation target which proposed that intensity of  carbon emissions in 2020 would be reduced by 40%-45% based on the 2005 level.Therefore,we have to adjust macroeconomic policy and take all kinds of policy measures to achieve the goal. 

The water level fluctuation is one of the basic characteristics of wetland ecosystem.This paper aimed to study the effects of water level fluctuation on the characters of plant community in the littoral zone of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR).The composition and structure of plant community of littoral zone of Baijia stream were investigated in August 2010.The results showed that there were 34 families of vascular plants including 70 genera and 85 species.The vegetations were divided into 18 community types by TWINSPAN classification, among which Ass.〖WTBX〗Cynodon dactylon〖WTBZ〗 and other 4 communities were the most representative plant communities.The composition of vegetation showed a transition from xerophytes to hygrophytes with the increasing of flooding intensity.Shannon index,Pielou index,Richness index and plant biomass showed a distribution of “∧” type,while Simpson index showed a distribution of “∨” type varying with the waterlevel fluctuation.The quantity of plant species,the composition and types of community and the diversity were different from the hydrology of 156 m.Waterlevel fluctuation was one of the main driving factors of vegetation change in the newly wetland

The land ecological safety research is a forefront topic of current land sustainable use research.In order to guarantee the land ecological safety,the prewarning of land ecological safety system should be studied.Combined with the theory of prewarning,the paper established the index system of land ecological safety prewarning from perspectives of pressure,state and respond,and carried out the study on the land ecological safety alarm in Poyang Lake Ecoeconomic Zone from the year 2001 to 2008 by using the matterelement model.The results showed that the land safety alarm state of Poyang Lake Ecoeconomic Zone was light warning in 2001.From 2002 until 2004,the level decreased to medium warning,while the level from 2005 to 2006 degraded to heavy warning.From 2007 to 2008,the level returned to medium warning,which indicated a better safety status.The research indicated that matterelement model bears the advantages of simple calculation, clear indication and higher accuracy, providing another tool for researching regional land ecological safety prewarning

The investigation on the species composition and biodiversity of fish community in Hukou section of the Yangtze River was carried out two times monthly from 2007 to 2009,including  five times in AprilJune.A total of 26 species and 4 243 individuals were collected,belonging to 19 genera,7 families.The dominant species were 〖WTBX〗Pseudobagrus fulvidraco〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Leiocassi crassilabi〖WTBZ〗，accounting for 6403% of the total fish species.The eigenvalues of species diversity were Shannonwiener’s index (〖WTBX〗H〖WTBZ〗′) being 1782，Simpson’s (〖WTBX〗λ〖WTBZ〗 ) being 054，Pielou’s index (〖WTBX〗J〖WTBZ〗′) being 0547，Margalef’s index(〖WTBX〗D〖WTBZ〗) being 2993,Wilhm's index (〖WTBX〗H〖WTBZ〗″) being 1873 and Relative rare species (〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗) being 5769%.In the fish community,middlesmall fishes with a mean body weight 50-500 g were the most superior in numbers,but big fishes with a mean body weight more than 500 g were the less percentage in numbers,the capture size of commercial fishes became smaller,and the stability and biodiversity of fish community were lower levels in the Hukou section.The fish community could be classified into 3 ecological types， i.e.，riversea estuarine fish (3 species )，riverlake estuarine fish (4 species )，migratory fish (19 species)；piscivorous fishs (8 species )，invertebrate fish (11 species)，omnivorous fishes (3 species)，planktivorous fish (2 species),herbivorous fish (2 species

Spa tourism is becoming increasingly popular.It leads to hot spring development growing vigorously.Evaluation about development potential of spa tourism resource will provide instructional information for reasonable and orderly development of hot spring.In the paper,the authors construct evaluation index system of development potential of hot spring tourism resources according to resource endowment,resource environment,accessibility,tourist markets of tourism system,create the model of potential evaluation of regional spa tourism resources combining the weight of information entropy,and calculate development potential index of spa tourism taking Hunan for instance.The development potential of spa tourism resources in Hunan is divided into high potential zone,medium potential zone,low potential zone and zero potential zone.The result shows that higher potential zones lie in the Northwest of Hunan Province and lower potential zones lie in the Southeast of Hunan Province.In order to develop hot spring resources rationally,according to spatial distribution of four potential zones,the paper proposes measures of spa tourism development from traffic planning, development modes and regional cooperation

Ecotourism is an important carrier of ecological civilization,and ecological civilization is the scientific guide to the sound development of ecotourism.There are plentiful ecological tourism resources and good conditions of developing ecotourism in the coastal area of Jiangsu province,including three cities as Lianyungang，Yancheng and Nantong.However,there is a lack of cooperation while more competition for three cities in the process of developing ecotourism.Thus,three cities do not develop potential ecotourism resources to the full by lack of effective regional ecotourism cooperation.On the basis of analysis on necessity and feasibility of the regional ecotourism cooperationcompetition,the paper points out that the three cities should actively promote the regional ecotourism cooperationcompetition guided by ecological civilization，such as making a unified plan，constructing a coastal ecotourism zone，accelerating joint development of competitive ecotourism routes,innovating ecotourism products，strengthening the cooperative marketing of ecotourism，improving tourist transportation and travel service，perfecting the institutional mechanism of cooperation，strengthening ecological education and working together to improve the ecological environment

The paper researched the impacts of fragmentation on the scale benefit and technical efficiency of cultivated land production to provide basis for agricultural policy.This research analyzed the effects of fragmentation on agricultural productivity from mesoscale,considering the area,shape and distribution factors synthetically,used landscape indices to quantify the level of cultivated land fragmentation,and added fragmentation variables into CD production function to study the effects of fragmentation to scale benefit.The SFA method was applied to measure the technical efficiency,and then used multiple linear regressions to study the effects of fragmentation on technical efficiency of cultivated land production.The results indicated that the correlation coefficients between the first principal component and the average land area,land density,area weighted shape index and area weighted fractal dimension were all more than 88%.The second principal component and the edge density index were more than 91%.All the units had scale elasticity of cultivated land productivity,which decreased after adding fragmentation variables into CD production function.The influence coefficient between the first and the second principal component to the technical efficiency of cultivated land productivity were -0077 and -0011,respectively.It is concluded that the landscape fragmentation had significant negative impacts on scale benefit and technical efficiency of cultivated land productivity,and agricultural land market and agricultural land consolidation were two main methods to reduce the level of the cultivated land fragmentation

In recent years，agricultural nonpoint source pollution has become one of the main pollution sources in China while there were few quantitative evaluations and researches on it．Based on the theory of ecoefficiency and the characteristic of agricultural production,this study designed an evaluation indicator system for agricultural ecoefficiency by integrating economic profit factors and environment impact facts．Using the restraint coneratio data envelopment analysis model,the agricultural ecoefficiency in Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province from 1998 to 2008 was evaluated on the basis of the relative data．The results showed that the agricultural ecoefficiency in Wuxi City appeared to be decreased initially and thereafter to be increased．The value had increased by 22% since 2006,which was primarily due to the significant decrease of chemical fertilizer and pesticide consumption．The evaluation indicator system and evaluation method in this paper would provide a mathematic tool for controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution and improving agricultural ecoefficiency in China

Ecological function suitability assessment in village land use planning is benefit to identifying the ecological quality status,ecological function suitability and its spatial distribution.It is of vital importance in providing ecology basis for determining the direction of land use and spatial distribution in rural land use planning,and then harmonizing rural construction with ecological environment protection.Taken Yannan village as an example,this study carried out the rural ecological function suitability assessment and its application research.Firstly,the evaluation index system was established from five angles as terrain conditions,soil resources,biological resources,water resources,and human interference,with high resolution aviation remote sensing image as data source.Then,synthetic assessment model of ecological function suitability was set up by using combination weighting method,and the ecological function suitability in Yannan village was assessed with GIRD as evaluation unit in the support of GIS.At last,based on assessment result,Yannan village was divided into 4 ecological function zones with their corresponding measures and land use advices,which will provide guidance for land use planning in Yannan village

The 30 mwaterlevefluctuationzone (WLFZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir has the characteristics of seasonal reversal with large variations of altitude fluctuation and horizontal area.To protect and reconstruct the ecosystem of WLFZ is the world hot issue.It is widely accepted that WLFZ in urban area suffers intensive anthropogenic perturbations that impact ecological reconstruction of WLFZ.According to the different functions of WLFZ in urban areas,it is classified into three function areas:ecological landscape area,ecological barrier area and navigation junction area.Taking slope and elevation as the two major evaluating parameters,each type in the urban WLFZ is divided into:flat slope type (0~15°),gentle slope type (15~25°),steep slope type (>25°) and the elevation of 145~155 m,155~170 m,170~175 m.According to the functional partition and type classification of urban WLFZ,based on the principles and technologies of ecology restoration and plant configuration,ecological planning and protection of urban WLFZ are proposed.It is suggested that the urban WLFZ can act as multiple functions,e.g.the buffer zone that intercepting the transport of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystem to aquatic ecosystem,hydrophilic space,improving the urban landscape,etc.The results from this study will provide decisionmaking basis and scientific support for ecological planning of urban WLFZ in future

The contents of TN,NH4N,NO3N and TP were measured every month in the waters of Yunyang,Wushan,Zigui and Sandouping in the middle and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir in 2010.The results showed that no significant spatial difference was observed in TN,NH4N,NO3N and TP among the four sites,but significant seasonal variations were observed in TN,NH4N,NO3N and TP in 2010.The single peak pattern was observed in the seasonal dynamics of TN and TP,and reached the maximum in May and July,respectively.There were double peaks in the seasonal dynamics of NH4N with the minor peak in March and April and the major one in July and August.The contents of TN,NH4N,NO3N and TP in the low water table were higher than those in the high water table.The inlet water flow was significantly increased during the low water table period because of the strong rainfall in the upstream of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Reservoir region.The contaminants mainly came from the nonpoint source pollution of the inlet water flow and the areasource pollution of agriculture.The water quality was still kept well after the third time of impounding,and reached the grade Ⅲ during the high water table period and the grade Ⅳ during the low water table period

Based on WRF model,using representative precipitation cases in different region with the Yangtze River water bodies added and the local terrain modified in the inherent underlying surface,the local circulation features and different meteorological elements of the response for local surface changes were studied.The results showed that changed precipitation zone was not obvious with the Yangtze River Water bodies imbedding in the different regional rainfall cases,which indicated that the Yangtze River water bodies affected local precipitation weakly.The Yangtze River underlying surface imbedded and the terrain height modified simultaneously had great influence on the spatial rainfall variation,and the situation was the same as modified terrain height independently.It suggested that local topography was important to the spatial rainfall.The variation of relative humidity distant from ground at 2 meters were different in different regional rainfall cases with changed underlying surface water bodies,and the impact on local relative humidity was inconspicuous overall.The temperature at 2 m away from ground,surface upward moisture flux and surface upward heat flux increased mostly,which were more obvious in the Yangtze River turning under the role of local terrain “bell

Based on the EFDC model,a two dimensional model for hydrojunction projects and main basin of Poyang Lake is established.Study area is divided with Delft3D method,TIN and TP data in 2010 are the  initial condition,and the change characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients before and after operating the hydrojunction are imitated.The verification result shows that the calculated values of  TIN and TP are coincide with the measured values,which also prove that the calculated values of model are efficient and reliable.The concentration of TIN and TP have a growth of 2042% and 2055% in dry season after operating the hydrojunction,and the value are 286 mg/L and 044 mg/L,respectively.Raohe River is the main source of regional pollutants.The increasing rate of  TIN and TP are 1339% and 1290% in flat water season,and the concentration are 208 mg/L and 018 mg/L,respectively.Pollutants in lake region mainly come from the confluence of Gan River main branch and Xiuhe River,and the impacts of hydrojunction on nitrogen and phosphorus is mainly reflected in the control of phosphorus.In southern and northern lake regions,the values of TIN in northern lake regions are higher than that in southern lake regions,while the value of TP in southern lake regions is higher than that in northern lake regions.Ratio of N/P in Poyang Lake district is 927, 291% lower  than the measured value,indicating that the pollution degree of phosphorus is heavy

NDVI and RVI are applied to extract water body information of Dongting Lake from MODIS images,and the accuracies are assessed with CCD images chosen as reference. The NDVI model is selected and different thresholds are set for the different months, which can effectively avoid extracting other features as water body by mistake in dry season and can also resolve the problem of the missing of water body in wet season. With the statistics of the water area of Dongting Lake and the corresponding observed daily average water levels, it is available to establish the relation of the water area of Dongting Lake to the water levels. In consideration that deriving the lake area from the water level information of a single station is not fully reasonable because of the uneven distribution of water levels among different hydrological stations, the formulas between the lake area and the water levels of multiple stations for the  period of 2003~2006 are established by stepwise multiple regression method with SPSS. After validated by 〖WTBX〗F〖WTBZ〗test and ttest, the regression equations and the regression coefficients are both extremely significant and can be used for forecast. Conclusions from the study are made as follows.There is no significant variation in the lake areawater level relationship at high or low water levels for the period of 2003~2006, but for a certain water level between 24 m and 29 m, the area of Donting Lake has a trend of decrease

Under the background of global warming,to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop lowcarbon economy has become the general consensus of all regions in the process of development.Taking Hunan Province as study region,the paper gave a comprehensive analysis of the change of carbon source and carbon sink during 1995~2008 from the aspects of energy consumption,the main industrial products technology processes, land use change and livestock management,and solid waste management and waste water management and emission.The results showed that, the total greenhouse gas emissions was between 0.22 billion tons (in 2000) and 0.399 billion tons( in 2008) carbon dioxide equivalent during 1995~2008,and increased by 61.18% with an average annual growth rate of 3.74%.Meanwhile,the total carbon sink was between 1.754 billion (in 1995) and 2537 billion (in 2007) tons carbon dioxide equivalent during 1995~2008,and increased by 3607% with an average annual growth rate of 240%.The main carbon source is energy consumption and from the sector of agriculture,and the forest is the main carbon sink source.The integrated results of the carbon source and carbon sink showed that,the capacity of carbon sink exceeded the amount of greenhouse gas emissions during 1995~2008;and the net capacities of carbon sink continued to grow during2001~2007,it increased by 31.94% with an average annual growth rate of 215% in 14 years

The recovery time of natural disaster has direct relation with indirect loss, and then influence the total loss caused by disaster. Therefore, the evaluation of indirect loss after disaster is the most important part of establishing the disaster mitigation policies.The InputOutput model is most widely used in disaster economic evaluation.Based on regional InputOutput model,economic situation and disaster policies of Hunan Province,this study simulated the economic recovery of Hunan Province after the flood disaster,and compared with the construction recovery data.Through calculation,the indirect economic loss of Hunan flood disaster was 17846 billion yuan,which was 39 percent of the direct economic losses.The results of recovery simulation in different departments were beneficial to make disaster reduction strategy, optimize the allocation of reconstruction and resources,minimize the impact on the economic system.Although the simulation results was still uncertain,the results indicated that the InputOutput model in simulation of disaster could play a very good role in simulating the indirect loss of disaster and estimating the recovery period