Based on the daily catch data of Anguilla japonica elvers of DFXS station (121°15'45"E, 31°40'18"N) in the west waters of south branch of Yangtze Estuary from December 2014 to March 2015, the number of shoals immigrated upstream was determined by CPUE fluctuation analyses, and their resource indices were estimated by the Leslie method and Delury method. The present study indicated that there were six dominant elver shoals immigrated upstream, and these two methods were found to produce the same result of shoal fluctuant features in this period. The duration of fishing days for each shoal was different. The longest period lasted for 27 days, while the shortest one lasted only 5 days. The average fishing period was 10.17 days. Their exploitation rate estimated by the Leslie method reached 43.38%-96.30% with an average of 77.14%, and that estimated by the Delury method reached 43.36%-105.37% with an average of 81.43% of the initial immigrating population size. The exploitation rates of elvers in the DFXS station upstream were at high levels. High exploitation rates of elvers suggested that the approach of stake-set stow net in DFXS station waters reduced numbers of elver upstream and influenced adult resources of Anguilla japonica in the Yangtze Basin. The average daily fishing mortality coefficient and average daily fishing mortality rate of DFXS station waters estimated by Leslie method were 0.23 and 20.02%, respectively, lower than that estimated by the Delury method (0.27 and 22.79%, respectively). Fishing mortality coefficient is very useful for estimating Anguilla japonica elvers resources of waters of Yangtze Estuary.

Water is an important natural and economic resource. Predicting its vulnerability can forecast the water security and give an early warning of its vulnerability in given areas. Therefore, reasonable and scientific water resource vulnerability prediction research is an effective method to alleviate vulnerability. At present, water resource vulnerability studies mainly aimed at evaluating current situation of water resource vulnerability, while there is little work about forecasting. In this paper we combined the rough set and BP neural network to make attribute reduction of the evaluation indices system by using improved data analysis. Then, we established the forecast model by fitting functional relationship between index data and water vulnerability index based on the BP neural network. We discussed on Huaihe Basin's future water resource vulnerability situation based on the previous research. The results showed that, the WVI of Huaihe Basin in 2005, 2020 and 2025 were 0.305, 0.359 and 0.390, which were lightly and moderately vulnerable. Except for 2015, the water resource vulnerability in 2020 and 2025 was more seriously compared with recent years. According to the index data we revealed the main causes for this phenomenon to be annual precipitation, water per capita, GDP wastewater discharge, cultivation index, effective irrigation area ratio, and drought area ratio. In order to avoid the increasing water resource vulnerability the relevant departments should strengthen targeted management and control of these aspects.

Monitoring and evaluating the spatial distribution and differentiation of the reserved land and water resources are useful for guiding the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, because this region spans across the east to the west of our country, and the water and land resources are obviously different in space. By using the methods of spatial analysis and quantitative analysis of statistical data, and calculating the reserved land and water resources, we conducted the following analyses:(1) spatial distribution and regularity of its regional differentiation of the reserved land and water resources; (2) the spatial distribution and the resource abundance's differentiation of the reserved land and water resources per capita; (3) the matching degree of the provinces' reserved construction land and available water resource per capita, and the analyses of the reserved land and water resources' regional differentiation. The results showed that:the area of the reserved construction land was 309 849.6 km², and the available water resource was 1 512.21 billion cubic meters. The reserved land and water resources showed a trend of high value in the west while low value in the east, and high value in the south while low value in the north. The spatial distributions of the reserved construction land and available water resource were uneven, and their spatial distributions were not matched.

"Storing grain on the ground" is an important strategy for grain security in the new era of China. To analyze spatiotemporal variations of grain production in Hubei Province, we used the LMDI approach and decomposed the factors of cultivated land use of grain production. The results showed that Hubei's grain production is in a stable growth period, but its cyclical characteristics hasn't changed and the possibility of harp fluctuations in grain production still exists; the geographical features of grain production in Hubei Province is that the grain production of Central Hubei is high,whereas that in the West and East is low; the increase of yield per hectare and multiple-cropping index is the major factor of the increase of grain production, while the adjustment of planting structure and the reduction of cultivated land resources led to the decrease of grain production. Because of the natural environment and socio-economic development differences, the degree and direction of the adjustment of planting structure and the cultivated land use patterns differs in different regions. Strengthen the protection of cultivated land resource, ensure that the quantity does not reduce and the quality does not decline; adjust cultivated land use patterns, arrange cropping reasonably, optimize planting structure and regional distribution; promote agricultural science and technology innovation, cultivate new occupation farmers, to establish a stable grain production team is an effective way to implement the strategy of "Storing grain on the ground, storing food in technology."

Analyzing spatiotemporal variation of farmland consolidation projects is of great theoretical and practical value for grasping the spatial pattern and development direction of land consolidation. It also improves scientific decision-making of land consolidation to identify the key areas of land consolidation in the future. The gravity center model can be used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of land consolidation and to provide suggestions for land consolidation investment. Based on the data of farmland consolidation projects in 2002-2013 of Chongqing and using the statistics and the gravity center model, this article analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of farmland consolidation in Chongqing. Evaluation units are 38 districts and counties of Chongqing. The results showed that:(1) The farmland consolidation projects were mostly distributed in the new urban development zone and the northeast Chongqing ecological conservation development zone. The average scale of these projects was mostly affected by landform, the scale of the terrain flat areas is mostly great. The average investment was affected by factors like locational conditions, topographic conditions, modern agricultural development and ecological conservation. (2) The gravity center of the number, area and investment of these projects fluctuated irregularly in some ranges both in longitude and latitude, but they were mostly in the mid position of Chongqing. Four of the twelve gravity centers were in Fuling District in the new urban development zone, while Fuling District is also the gravity center of Chongqing, which indicated that the spatial variation of these projects were basically balanced. Overall, the gravity centers was moving to the northeast, but they were mostly distributed in the new urban development zone and the northeast Chongqing ecological conservation development zone, which indicated that these two zones were the key areas of farmland consolidation of Chongqing. In these two zones many major land consolidation projects were launched since 2004, which indicated that the distribution of land consolidation projects was affected by the policy mostly. (3) According to the moving directions of gravity center, the farmland consolidation projects can be divided into four stages:the starting stage (2002-2004), the developing stage (2005-2009), the perfecting stage (2009-2011) and the maturity stage (2012-2013). Finally, this article proposed some suggestions for the policy making and projects distribution of farmland consolidation in Chongqing:(1) Making differential farmland consolidation policies. The distribution of farmland consolidation projects is affected by factors like locational conditions, topographic conditions, modern agricultural development, ecological conservation and mostly, by policy. Chongqing is a metropolis with many poor rural areas, characters in each county varies a lot. Different policies should be made to improve the development of different regions. (2) Improving the investment to the southeast Chongqing ecological protection development zone. The southeast Chongqing ecological protection development zone is the key ecological function area, biodiversity protection area and poverty alleviation demonstration area of our country. During the 12 years, the number, scale and investment of farmland consolidation projects were small. To improve the development of the minority areas, there should be more farmland consolidation projects in the future.

Effects of tideland reclamation on composition of macrobenthos have been confirmed by many reports. However, few studies were conducted on the impacts of reclamation ways on macrobenthos. In this study, we chose the tidal flat silting zone outside Pudong airport as the investigated subject to explore the different distribution characteristics of macrobenthos in a sand blowing siltation zone and a dike building siltation zone, respectively. Results indicated that the annual average density and biomass of macrobenthos were (835.98±572.41) ind./m² and (135.25±63.99) g/m² in the dike building siltation zone, whereas those were (52.85±12.04) ind./m² and (40.82±6.84)g/m² in the sand blowing siltation zone. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences between these two areas (P<0.05), indicating that reclamation ways had different effects on density and biomass of macrobenthos. Clustering and sequencing diagram showed that there were significant differences between the sand blowing siltation zone and dike building siltation zone in terms of macrobenthos composition. SIMPER analysis indicated that Corbicula fluminea, Stenothyra glabra and Iiyoplax deschampsi were the dominant species in those two areas, with the contributions of 56.10%, 10.81%, and 9.62%, respectively. Density of Corbicula fluminea, Stenothyra glabra and Iiyoplax deschampsi in the sand blowing siltation zone were less than those in the dike building siltation zone. The results imply that the rate of sedimentation was the key factor for the distribution of macrobenthos in the siltation and reclamation zones.

Atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were collected from suburban areas, industrial areas, residential areas and background points in the Changzhou City from March 2013 to April 2014 during spring and autumn. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the composition, distribution characteristics and sources of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5. The results indicated that SO₄^2-, NO₃^-and NH₄⁺ were the main components of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5, contributing to 18%-33% of the mass of PM_2.5. The proportion and concentration difference of water-soluble ions between different functional areas was small, which showed that background points in Changzhou can be affected by pollutants transferred from surrounding cities. NH₄⁺, SO₄^2- and NO₃ mainly existed in PM_2.5 as (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃. SOR and NOR are effective methods for evaluating the transformation ratio of secondary inorganic particles. The value of SOR was higher than that of NOR in all areas. In spring, the value of SOR was greater than 0.25, the value of NOR was greater than 0.1, which met the strong photochemical oxidation reaction conditions.

Lake surrounding area is the space for intimate human-nature interactions, with rich natural resources and human resources. The landscape eco-planning of such areas can help people be harmony with nature, and coordinate the relationship between nature and resource utilization. Taking the area surrounding Shijiu lake's landscape eco-planning as an example, we analyzed the ecological environment background and ecological sensitivity. We used the relative importance index (dI) to identify the important patches, and the potential ecological corridor was simulated by Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR). We then overlaid the Landscape Corridors and the Recreation Corridors to the landscape ecological pattern. The landscape eco-planning for the lake area was based on the pattern, providing guidance for the area surrounding Shijiu lake, Ma'anshan. Results showed that with the guidance of the principle of Landscape Ecology, using objective and quantitative criteria for elements selection and planning can make the combination of landscape elements near or on the best structure and improve the stability of the regional landscape. It also can get the effective control on the ecological environment of the area surrounding lake.

Improving natural disaster resilience is one of the important methods for coping with climate change and natural disasters. On the basis of summarizing the study of natural disaster resilience, an index system for evaluating flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin was constructed with a full consideration of the five dimensions (i.e., nature, society, economy, technology, and management) which have a great influence on flood disaster resilience. The weights of the dependent indexes were obtained by using analytic network process (ANP) analysis. Subsequently, the flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin was evaluated. At last, the spatiotemporal evolution of flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin during 2000-2010 was analyzed to provide valuable reference for improving the level of flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin. The results indicated that the flood disaster resilience index in most part of the Chaohu Basin was increasing from 2000 to 2010, but there were obvious differences in the growth rate of different regions and different dimensions. From the point of view of the average level of the basin, flood disaster resilience index of the Chaohu Basin has been in growth during the 10 years, flood disaster resilience index of the natural dimension was declining while flood disaster resilience index of other dimensions were increasing, and the most positive impact on flood disaster resilience of the Chaohu Basin was the economic factor, the influencing factor of the natural dimension played a negative role in the growth of flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin. The distribution patterns of various grades of the flood disaster resilience in the Chaohu Basin had little change from 2000 to 2010, but the gap of flood disaster resilience between Hefei Municipal District and other part in the Chaohu Basin became obviously.

Based on the Ecological Health Comprehensive Index (EHCI) method, wetland ecosystem health assessment was conducted in the Poyang Lake wetland. The assessment results showed that:(1) for the wetland in spring during 1989-2010, the percentages of ‘healthy’, ‘sub-healthy’ and ‘ill’ ecological situation were 40%, 40% and 20%,respectively. (2) For the wetland in autumn during 1989-2010, the percentages of ‘healthy’, ‘sub-healthy’ and ‘ill’ ecological situation were 38%,46% and 15%, respectively. (3) For the annual wetland state during 1989-2010 the percentages of ‘healthy’, ‘sub-healthy’ and ‘ill’ ecological situation were 57%,43% and 0%, respectively. Based on a thorough analysis of the hydrological regime in the ‘ill’ ecological years, we found that:(1) hydrological condition in the rising season was decisive for wetland vegetation in spring. The effect trend was that high lake level in rising season resulted in small coverage area of the whole wetland vegetation. However, low lake level in rising season resulted in expansion of reed belts and shrinkage of sedge belts. (2) Hydrological condition in the flood season was decisive for wetland vegetation in autumn. The effect trend was that high lake level in flood season resulted in large coverage area of sedge belts and small coverage area of reed belts, and vice versa. (3)The ecological situation of Poyang Lake wetland were more stable on the annual scale than that in the seasonal scale, which was mainly induced by the stability discrepancy of lake level fluctuations in the inter-year and that in the intra-year. The result of this study may have some implications for the ecosystem health assessment of other littoral wetland, especially for those surrounded by lakes with dramatic water level fluctuations.

Regional ecological civilization construction is a dynamic complex systematic engineering which takes socioeconomic conditions, resources and environment as its core. In this paper we applied the theory and method of system dynamics to analyze the interaction of ecological civilization construction factors (the social and economic development, the supply of energy resources and ecological environment) in Jiangxi Province. We built the dynamic model of ecological civilization construction system in Jiangxi Province, then used historical data of ecological civilization construction of Jiangxi Province to simulate the model, the high degree of authenticity proved the model was consistent with the actual situation of ecological civilization construction in Jiangxi Province. According to the change of main variables in the system dynamics simulation process, we adjusted the control variables and related parameters to simulate the development of ecological civilization construction from 2011 to 2030 under four developing scenarios (the maintaining status, the economic priority, the resource environment priority and the coordinated development model).The simulation result suggested that, by 2030, the balance of supply and demand of energy index is -0.113, the environmental pollution degree is 0.083. These could promote the efficient development of the social economy, and realize the intensive utilization of resources and friendly ecological environment under the coordinated development model. The coordinated development model will be the optimal model to develop ecological civilization construction in Jiangxi Province. In addition, the results could provide reference to the construction of ecological civilization in Jiangxi province.

Remote sensing and geographical information system were integrated to monitor wetland changes in the Hanjiang basin. By combining the landscape dynamic model (K) and dynamic intensity index (DⅡ), we analyzed the wetland data of 2000, 2005, and 2010 of the Hanjiang Basin to reveal the general pattern. Buffer analysis and index of abundance were adopted to identify the spatial heterogeneity of wetland in the Hanjiang Basin. Results showed that, area of lakes, rivers, and paddy fields decreased greatly, wherein the values of K and DⅡ in the first 5 years were evidently higher than those after 5 years. Spatial heterogeneity of wetland in the Hanjiang Basin was apparent, the most drastic change occurred downstream, followed by the middle reaches of the basin. The external and internal changes together contributed to wetland shrinkage. There are three main characteristics of transformation between paddy fields and reservoirs/ponds:(1) the intensity of change increased with a distance from 8 km to 12 km around the lakes, (2) the trend of change was evident from 4 km to 6 km near the rivers, and (3) a significant change occurs near land utilized for traffic. Paddy fields, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds were easily transformed into construction land, which accounted for 22.55% of the total variation during 2000 to 2010.

The main aim of this study is to reveal the regularity and the sources of sediment deposition in the riparian zone of the main stream in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Using in-situ observations and laser particle analyzer, we investigated the particle size of the deposited sediment and its variation in horizontal, vertical and elevational directions in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and compared the characteristics of grain size between deposited sediment and suspended sediment to reveal the source of deposited sediment studied. The results show that:(1) sediment deposited in the riparian zone of perennial reservoir was significantly finer than that in the fluctuating backwater area, and particle size gradually became finer along the horizontal flow direction and is almost stable in Zhongxian County and its lower reach; (2) fine sediments usually occupied a larger proportion with increasing elevation, but coarse sediments also had great opportunities to take the advantage on the top of the riparian zone if soil erosion above the zone was intense and strong; (3) cyclic layering of the sediment profile was easy to observe in the riparian zone at the end of the reservoir where median size was larger and appears a wider range of variation, while the median size and related range of variation get smaller and cyclic layering of the sediment profile gradually disappeared towards the downstream; (4) deposited sediments in riparian zone of the fluctuating backwater area mainly came from external sources such as Jinsha River and Jialing River, internal sources made greater contribution to coarse sediments in the perennial reservoir area but couldn't be dominant in fine sediments since external sources are also able to supply sufficient matters which makes the source of fine sediments complex and diverse.

Water resource is a kind of public goods, and the external benefits of protection and exploitation of water resources should be shared by the relevant regions. Therefore, we focused on ecological economy and paid attention to establishing a reasonable ecological compensation standard model. In this paper we estimated the water footprint, ecological compensation standard in Jiangxi Province and its 11 cities. The main results are as follows:the water footprint of Jiangxi Province showed a firstly decreasing and then increasing trend during 2000-2013, and the larger proportion of the footprint were occupied by foods, aquatic products and pork productions. Total water surplus declined step by step and the production water footprint and water footprint efficiency showed increasing trends in the 11 cities of Jiangxi Province. Except Nanchang, other 10 cities had water surplus and should be provided ecological compensation. With an average of 12.90 billion Yuan per year, the total compensation amount was 180.58 billion Yuan in Jiangxi Province during 2000-2013. The cities of Ganzhou, Ji'an, Shangrao, Fuzhou should obtain higher compensation amounts and receive priority for compensation. The research results provide a scientific basis for the establishment of ecological civilization and regional ecological compensation mechanism.

Construction of ecological civilization is one of the focus of the next stage work of Yangtze river economic zone. By building the coupling coordination degree model and the potential development model, based on the connotation of ecological civilization and development potential, we revealed the present situation of the ecological civilization construction of the Yangtze river economic zone. The results shows that:(1) There exists distinct differentiation among the eastern, central and western areas of the Yangtze river economic zone. The eastern area has dual advantage of regional economic system and social system. The central region is relatively well coordinated. The west area performs well in ecosystems. (2) Currently the Yangtze river economic zone pattern of ecological civilization is mainly influenced by economic factors. (3) The coordinated development regions overall shows the best ecological civilization development potential, the coordinated development should become the Yangtze river economic zone central concern in the construction of ecological civilization.

A deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal variation of rainfall extremes will help improve the ability in response to extreme disasters. The PDS/GP model for Han River basin was constructed and the Rainfall Extremes Variation Index (REVI) was proposed to analyze the annual variation of monthly rainfall extremes for the different seasons and full year from 1960 to 2014 by combing the statistical test. The study was based on a 55-year partial duration series of rainfall data from 15 gauging stations in Han River basin. Meanwhile the clustering coefficient and node degree based on the network theory was employed to study the spatial distribution on the basis of REVI in typical years for different seasons. The results show that the seasonal difference of monthly rainfall extremes was quite remarkable in Han River basin, and there were no uniform trends in recently 55 years. Among the three seasons, the situation in summer is quite opposite to that in spring and autumn, while the highest annual fluctuation was present in autumn because of monsoon climate. Spatially, by the comprehensive effects of monsoon climate, underlying surface conditions and human activities, the most dramatic change can be found in the upper reach of Han River. With increasing correlation threshold, the connectivity between stations in the whole basin decreased, which was larger in the upstream than in the middle and lower reaches of Han River. For the same correlation threshold, the results also indicated that even nearest stations had significantly different connectivity, and even some distant stations had very similar connectivity properties. The results can provide a reference for spatial interpolation of rainfall extremes.

Meteorological and hydrological monthly or daily data of 3 meteorological, 3 hydrological, 2 water level and 14 main reservoirs stations in Dianchi Basin from the 1950s to 2014 were collected and analyzed in this paper. First, based on meteorological hydrological and agricultural drought indices, namely SPI, SRI and I_a, drought events were identified and its duration and severity were confirmed through the Runs Theory. Then, the periodic variation regularity of drought duration and severity were revealed using wavelet analysis. Finally, multivariate joint distribution of drought duration and severity was constructed through the Gumbel Copula function, joint and co-occurrence return periods of drought were calculated and conditional return period of one drought event by the influence of anterior drought event was determined. The results showed that in the whole basin, drought disaster was significantly worsening. There has an over 100 year variation period of no matter drought duration or drought severity. The drought in 2012-2013 was the mostly serious drought events and its joint and co-occurrence return periods were 120.48 and 224.41 years, respectively. Its conditional return period by the affection of drought in 2009-2010 was 271.82 years. When drought events were added up, there was an additive effect. Water level process of Dianchi Lake, abnormal region atmospheric circulation, drought historical documents and lake sediments were compared and analyzed, which prove the scientific reasonability of the research accomplishments.

Using AREM model of precipitation forecasting, hourly precipitation data of the Zhanghe reservoir station and the reservoir inflow data from the 2006 to 2008, a statistical downscaling model of forecasting precipitation was established based on the grids at the spatial resolutions of 0.25° and 0.5°. At the same time, the simulation result of statistical downscaling model are carried out. The results showed that the proposed method can be used in the flood forecasting of Zhanghe reservoir. From the 2009 to 2010, four prediction experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the statistical downscaling model was not good at improving flood process efficiency, but there was a certain effect to reduce the peak flow forecasting relative error, the average relative error was reduced by about 10%, the peak time error was slightly decreased, too.