长江流域资源与环境 >> 2014, Vol. 23 >> Issue (11): 1551-.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201411010

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

葛洲坝下游近坝区水域鱼类资源声学调查与评估

周家飞,王从锋,刘德富,黄钰铃,向经文   

  1. (1.三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北 宜昌 443002; 2.湖北工业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430068)
  • 出版日期:2014-11-20

HYDROACOUSTIC INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT ON FISHES IN THE NEAR DOWNSTREAM OF GEZHOUBA DAM

ZHOU Jiafei1, WANG Congfeng1, LIU Defu2, HUANG Yuling1, XIANG Jingwen1   

  1. (1.College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; 2.College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
  • Online:2014-11-20

摘要:

于2013年4月及6月,针对DIDSON的特点设计了携带声呐的船舶走航式及定点式两种方法,对葛洲坝下游近坝区水域(大江、三江至下游镇江阁处江段)进行水声学调查,观察鱼类资源的时空分布特点。观测数据经去噪处理,获得鱼类资源结果。结果表明:葛洲坝下游近坝区鱼类资源分布呈明显的空间差异,大江水域鱼类密度显著高于三江水域,且近坝区高于下游江段,最大值为6924 ind./1 000 m3,位于大江电站下游约1 km处,最小值为153 ind./1 000 m3,位于宜化大楼江段。鱼类资源在时间上没有显著的统计学差异,6月份鱼类活动昼夜差别比4月份更明显,主要集中在上层水域,傍晚至凌晨鱼类活动较少。进一步分析发现,船闸的运行方式、水体中食物可获取程度、各鱼类种群生活习性差异等,均对鱼类资源时空分布产生影响。此外,开展适逢葛洲坝禁渔期,禁渔措施维持了近坝区水域春、夏季鱼类资源量的稳定性,是保护鱼类资源的有效而直接的方法

Abstract:

In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of fish, the hydroacoustic survey was undertaken in the near downstream of Gezhouba Dam (from the dam to downstream reach of Zhenjiangge) using two methods including sonar sailing by ship and sonar fixedpoint monitoring, during April and June 2013. The fish density and the activities in water column were obtained after denoised in the observation data. The results show that there is significant spatial difference in the fish density distribution in the near downstream of Gezhouba Dam. The fish density in the water body of Dajiang is significant higher than that in Sanjiang. Moreover, the fish density in the reach of near the dam is higher than that in the downstream. The highest value is 6924 ind./1 000 m3, and lies on the downstream reach which is 1 km away the Dajiang project, while, the minimum value is 153 ind./1 000 m3, and is located in the downstream reach closing to Yihua building. The distribution of fish resources has difference for April and June. In details, the dielmovements of fish are more active in June, and the fish moves to the surface water at daytime, with less activity from nightfall to dawn. Further analysis displays that the complex operation of the ship lock, the available food, and the different fish population with special life habitat will have important impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of fish. In addition, the study was conducted during the closed fishing season. The closed fishing leads to plenty of fish in the water body, which has vital effect on the fish resource protection for the near downstream of Gezhouba Dam in spring and summer. DualFrequency Identification Sonar applied to the water area where terrain hardly changes. It is necessary to adjust the speed of ship at 7km/h or below for a better image effects. This research of the implementation by DualFrequency Identification Sonar SMC300 in water area near Gezhouba Dam proves that the method was effective. It is meaningful to attempt to this approach in other fish surveys of inland river. Using the acoustic surveys we conduct an unbiased survey of all species in the study area. Based on this research, DIDSON also has a blind spot, which is concerned that instability in precision of monitoring

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