长江流域资源与环境 >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (06): 1067-1071.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506023
姚仪敏1, 闫浩亮1, 陈建珍1, 刘盼春1, 松井勤2, 田小海1
YAO Yi-min1, YAN Hao-liang1, CHEN Jian-zhen1, LIU Pan-chun1, Tsutomu Matsui2, TIAN Xiao-hai1
摘要: 采用模型模拟水稻热害过程及其可能的产量损失是水稻耐高温研究的重要一环,但较精确地测定水稻冠层的微气象条件还存在诸多困难。采用最新研制的水稻冠层微气象测定仪Mincer实地测定法研究了水稻花期热害受害下的冠层微气象特征,并将相关数据与邻近国家基本气象观测站的数据比较,从而形成了水稻冠层、水稻田田面上部(距田面2倍株高,约1.9 m)和空旷地(距地面1.5 m)等的对比。结果表明,供试品种受到花期热害后,结实率降低4.0%,达到显著受害水平。在此条件下,日平均气温值由水稻田冠层、水稻田上部与空旷地相比依次升高,水稻冠层与水稻田上部的温度值一般分别比空旷地低2.05、0.92℃,且在连续高温的部分时段出现冠层温度的异常升高;相对湿度值反之,由冠层内部、水稻田上部与空旷地依次降低,水稻冠层与水稻田上部的相对湿度值分别比空旷地低高14.55%、5.97%(绝对值)。此外,高温天气下开花前后水稻田上部与冠层温湿度差的变化幅度都小于常温天气,且出现的时间段早于常温。这些结果,对设定水稻高温受害鉴定条件、模拟水稻高温受害过程均具有重要指导意义。
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