几种典型红壤模拟降雨条件下的泥沙特征研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201603010

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (03): 439-444.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201603010

几种典型红壤模拟降雨条件下的泥沙特征研究

杨伟^1,2, 张琪^2,3, 李朝霞², 张利超^2,4, 蔡崇法²

1. 湖北省水利水电科学研究院, 湖北武汉 430070;
2. 华中农业大学, 湖北武汉 430070;
3. 上海市园林科学研究所, 上海 200232;
4. 江西省水土保持科学研究院, 江西南昌 330029

收稿日期:2014-09-14 修回日期:2014-12-19 出版日期:2016-03-20
通讯作者: 张琪 E-mail:zhangqi1122@126.com
作者简介:杨伟(1983~),男,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀机理与应用研究. E-mail: yw.hbwri@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41171223,41401317)

ESTIMATING SEDIMENT CHARACTERS OF SEVERAL TYPICAL RED SOILS BY SIMULATED RAINFALL

YANG Wei^1,2, ZHANG Qi^2,3, LI Zhao-xia², ZHANG Li-chao^2,4, CAI Chong-fa²

1. Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China;
2. Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
3. Shanghai Landscape Gardening Research Institute, Shanghai 200232, China;
4. Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Convesation, Nanchang 330029, China

Received:2014-09-14 Revised:2014-12-19 Online:2016-03-20
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41171223 and 41401317)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 泥沙是土壤侵蚀过程的产物,直接反映了土壤的侵蚀特征。本文利用人工模拟降雨,研究了南方几种典型母质发育红壤侵蚀泥沙的颗粒分布特征、不同粒级中胶结物质的种类和含量。研究结果表明,径流优先选择携带0.002~0.02 mm 颗粒,该级别颗粒占泥沙总量的26.68%~60.33%。粘粒含量高的第四纪粘土红壤,泥沙中粗颗粒含量较高,且多为较稳定的团聚体;沙粒和粉粒含量较高的页岩红壤和花岗岩红壤侵蚀泥沙中单粒含量较高,且泥沙分散后粉粒和粘粒的含量高于原土壤。花岗岩红壤侵蚀泥沙中Fe_d,Al_d,Al_o和Si_o含量随泥沙粒径的增大而降低,而泥质页岩红壤和第四纪粘土红壤中,Fe_d,Al_d,Al_o含量随粒径增大而增加,因此其粗粒径泥沙具有较强的稳定性。侵蚀泥沙对有机质有富集作用,泥质页岩红壤和第四纪粘土红壤的粗颗粒对有机质的富集作用强于细颗粒。

关键词: 红壤, 模拟降雨, 泥沙颗粒, 平均质量直径, 氧化物, 有机质

Abstract: Sediment is the product of soil erosion, so it can reflect the characters of erosion process. In this study, six red soil samples, derived from three parent materials (Quaternary red clay, Shale and Granite) were selected and subjected to simulated rainfall experiment. The particle size distribution and cementing material of sediments were tested. From the compare of the physic-chemical properties of different sizes sediment, the main results as followed: Compared to the particle size distribution of test soils, there were more 0.002-0.02 mm particles in sediments, which occupied 26.68%-60.33% in sediments. It means that the runoff was preferred to transit particles between 0.002 mm to 0.02 mm. The proportion of 0.02-0.002 mm and < 0.002 mm particles were far greater than that in test soil from Shale and Granite while the proportion was lower than test soil from Quaternary red clay. After chemical dispersion treatment, the particle size distribution of sediment were different from the test soil, and there were more < 0.02 mm particles in sediments than test soils. The large particles (> 0.25 mm) in sediment from high-clay soils(derived from Quaternary red clay) is abundant, and most of which were stable aggregates. After chemical dispersion, there were more primary particles in sediments from high -sand soils (derived from Granite) and high-silt soils (derived from Shale) than in high-clay soils, and more clay and silt than test soils. The content of Fe_d, Al_d, Al_o and Si_o decreased with the increase of particles size in sediments derived from Granite, while Fe_d, Al_d and Al_o increased with the increase of particle size in sediments from Shale and Quaternary red clay. As a result, the large particles of sediments from Shale and Quaternary red clay were more stable than that from Granite. However, no obvious distribution regularities of Si_o were found in different size particles in three sediments.The content of organic matter also increased with the increase of particles size of sediment from shale and Quaternary red clay. However, the enrichment was not obvious for sediments from Granite, the content of organic matter of which was higher in 0.25-0.05 mm particles than in other sizes particles. The ration of MWD (mean weight diameter) before dispersion and after dispersion was positively correlated with the contents of oxide except Si_o, which was negatively correlated with the ration. It indicated that iron-aluminum oxides (Fe_d, Al_d and Al_o) are important stable factors of red soil aggregates.

Key words: red soil, simulated rainfall, sediment, mean weight diameter, oxide, organic matter

中图分类号:

S157.1

杨伟, 张琪, 李朝霞, 张利超, 蔡崇法. 几种典型红壤模拟降雨条件下的泥沙特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(03): 439-444.

YANG Wei, ZHANG Qi, LI Zhao-xia, ZHANG Li-chao, CAI Chong-fa. ESTIMATING SEDIMENT CHARACTERS OF SEVERAL TYPICAL RED SOILS BY SIMULATED RAINFALL[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(03): 439-444.

参考文献

[1] MORGAN R P C. Soil erosion and conservation[M]. Edinburgh:Addison Wesley Longman, 1995.
[2] ROTH C H, EGGERT T. Mechanisms of aggregate breakdown involved in surface sealing, runoff generation and sediment concentration on loess soil[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1994, 32(2/3):253-268.
[3] LE BISSONNAIS Y. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility:I. Theory and methodology[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 47(4):425-437.
[4] LE BISSONNAIS Y, ARROUAYS D. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility:II. Application to humic loamy soils with various organic carbon contents[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1997, 48(1):39-48.
[5] SOPHIE LEGUÉDOIS, LE BISSONNAIS Y. Size fractions resulting from an aggregate stability test, interrill detachment and transport[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2004, 29(9):1117-1129.
[6] 史志华, 闫峰陵, 李朝霞, 等. 红壤表土团聚体破碎方式对坡面产流过程的影响[J]. 自然科学进展, 2007, 17(2):217-224.[SHI Z H, YAN F L, LI Z X, et al. Effect of typical red soil aggregate breakdown mechanisms on the process of overland runoff[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(2):217-224.]
[7] YOUNG R A. Characteristics of eroded sediment. Transactions of the ASAE, 1980, 23(5):1139-1146.
[8] LOCH R J, FOLEY J L. Measurement of aggregate breakdown under rain-comparison with tests of water stability and relationships with field measurements of infiltration[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1994, 32(4):701-720.
[9] FARRES P J. The dynamics of rainsplash erosion and the role of soil aggregate stability[J]. CATENA, 1987, 14(1/3):119-130.
[10] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978.[Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Science. Soil physical and chemical analysis[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978.]
[11] 熊毅. 土壤胶体(第二册):土壤胶体研究法[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1985.[XIONG Y. Soil colloids (volume II):the rresearch method of soil colloids[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1985.]
[12] LUK S H, ABRAHAMS A D, PARSONS A J. A simple rainfall simulator and trickle system for hydro-geomorphological experiments[J]. Physical Geography, 1986, 7(4):344-356.
[13] FULLEN M A, ZHENG Y, BRANDSMA R T. Comparison of soil and sediment properties of a loamy sand soil[J]. Soil Technology, 1997, 10(1):35-45.
[14] MEYER L D, LINE D E, HARMON W C. Size characteristics of sediment from agricultural soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, 47(1):107-111.
[15] ZHANG B, HORN R. Mechanisms of aggregate stabilization in Ultisols from subtropical China[J]. Geoderma, 2001, 99(1/2):123-145.
[16] LI Z X, CAI C F, SHI Z H, et al. Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in Subtropical China[J]. Pedosphere, 2005, 15(1):129-136.
[17] KAPLAN D I, BERTSCH P M, ADRIANO D C. Mineralogical and physicochemical differences between mobile and nonmobile colloidal phases in reconstructed pedons[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(2):641-649.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed