城市生态系统复合下垫面碳通量特征——以上海市奉贤大学城为例

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201701011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着城市化进程的加速和城市人口规模的增加，城市已成为最大的碳源，研究城市生态系统对大气二氧化碳的贡献成为碳循环研究的焦点问题之一。基于研究区域内土地利用现状和一年的涡动观测系统观测数据，结合地理信息技术（ArcGIS）和通量计算工具（Eddypro 及ART Footprint Tool）以及碳通量足迹模型分析了上海奉贤大学城碳通量足迹特征，基于此探讨不同下垫面类型，包括以草本和木本等透水层为主的下垫面（称为自然系统），以建筑物、道路等不透水层为主的下垫面（称为社会系统）碳通量的变化特征。研究结果表明：1）在不同风向上，碳通量贡献区范围随着大气稳定度的增加而扩大。大气处于稳定条件下，非主风向上的碳通量贡献区范围（最大范围1 100 m）比主风向上的碳通量贡献区范围（最大范围780m）要大；当大气处于不稳定条件下时主风向和非主风向下的碳通量贡献区范围相差不大（最大范围分别为321和351m）。2）不同下垫面其源汇特征不同，以绿色植物为主的自然系统年碳通量均值为-4.1μmol/m2/s，表现为碳汇；社会系统的年碳通量均值为8.6μmol/m2/s，表现为碳源。3）自然系统的碳通量日变化具有较明显的季节分异，变化特征大致呈“U”型；社会系统的碳通量日变化没有明显的季节分异，变化特征大致呈“M”型。绿色植物对城市生态系统的大气二氧化碳有降低作用，结合自然和社会系统的碳通量变化特征可以为以后合理规划城市布局，建立低碳城市提供服务。

关键词: 涡动观测技术, 下垫面, 社会系统, 自然系统, 碳通量, 足迹分析

Abstract: Cities are the largest carbon source and have the major contribution to atmospheric carbon dioxide under the rapid urbanization. Quantifying the urban carbon flux characteristics is very important. In this study, Eddy Covariance(EC) data and GIS tool were used to explore the footprint and carbon flux characteristics based on Eddypro and ART footprint tool in Fengxian University Town, Shanghai.The underlying surface of the study area is complex, which is composed of herbaceous, woody and other permeable layer(named as natural system) and buildings, roads and other impervious layer(named as social system). The results showed that under different wind directions, carbon flux contribution areas were expanding with the increasing atmospheric stability. When the atmosphere was under the static condition, the range of carbon flux contribution areas under non-main wind direction(the maximum range was 1100 m)was larger than that of the carbon flux contribution area under main wind direction(the maximum range was 780 m). When the atmosphere was under the unstable condition, the carbon flux contribution area under main wind direction and non-main wind direction had little difference (maximum ranges were 321 meters and 351 meters,respectively). The source and sink characteristics of different underlying surface were different. Mean annual carbon flux of the natural system with green plants as the principal component was4.1μmol/m²/s, which was a carbon sink; mean annual carbon flux of the social system was 8.6 μmol/m²/s, which was a carbon source. Carbon flux diurnal variations of natural system in different seasons were different.The variation roughly presents a "U" shape; there was no obvious seasonal difference for carbon flux diurnal of the social system.The carbon and the variable characteristics roughly presented an "M" shape. This study may be useful for establishing low-carbon city and managing urban green spaces.

Key words: eddy observation technology, underlying surface, social system, natural system, carbon flux, footprint analysis

中图分类号:

龚元, 赵敏, 姚鑫, 郭智娟, 何毅, 张立平, 林文鹏. 城市生态系统复合下垫面碳通量特征——以上海市奉贤大学城为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(01): 91-99.

GONG Yuan, ZHAO Min, YAO Xin, GUO Zhi-juan, HE Yi, ZHANG Li-ping, LIN Wen-peng. STUDY ON CARBON FLUX CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNDERLYING SURFACE OFURBAN ECOSYSTEM-A CASE STUDY OF SHANGHAI FENGXIAN UNIVERSITY CITY[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(01): 91-99.

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