长江流域资源与环境 >> 2018, Vol. 27 >> Issue (09): 2114-2121.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201809021

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄壤坡面土壤分离速率研究

王凯1, 王玉杰1,2, 王彬1,2, 张守红1, 王云琦1,2, 王晨沣1   

  1. (1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院重庆缙云山三峡库区森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 北京 100083;
    2.北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-11-09

Study on Soil Detachment Rate on a YellowSoil Hillslope

WANG Kai, WANG Yujie, WANG Bin, ZHANG Shouhong, WANG Yunqi, WANG Chenfeng   

  1. (1. Jinyun Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,
    China;2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-11-09

摘要:

 黄壤坡面侵蚀是长江中上游泥沙的主要原因之一,因此对该地区的土壤分离过程的量化研究对土壤侵蚀机理研究的深入和水土流失防治具有一定的理论和实践意义。通过变坡水槽冲刷实验,研究了黄壤坡面土壤分离速率与坡度、流量及主要水动力参数间的关系,探寻模拟土壤分离过程的最优参数。试验结果表明:土壤分离速率与流量、坡度和多个水动力学参数都呈正相关关系。坡度和流量的幂指数均>1,表明二者在实验测定范围内对土壤分离速率有叠加增大作用。水流功率(R2=0.93)与土壤分离速率拟合方程的决定系数最高,表明用水流功率来描述土壤分离速率能获得更多有效信息。当单位水流功率>0.281 m/s后,土壤分离速率随其增大而剧烈增加。但是径流剪切力(与土壤分离速率的决定系数为R2=0.83)值的计算只需获得坡度和水深等数据,水流功率值的计算不仅要采集坡度和水深等数据,还要获得流速等获取难度相对较大的数据。因此,采用径流剪切力来描述土壤分离较水流功率更为方便,而采用水流功率来估算土壤分离速率更为精确。

 

Abstract: Slope erosion is one of the main sources of sediments in middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The quantitative study of soil detachment process in middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River has an important theoretical and practical significance in revealing soil erosion mechanism and preventing and controlling the soil and water losses. The scour experiment in this paper was carried out in a flume with a variable slope. We studied the relationship between soil detachment rate and slope, flow quantity and other main hydrodynamic parameters, aimed to find out the optimal parameters which can better simulated the soil detachment process. The results show that the soil detachment rate is positive correlated with flow quantity, slope and multiple hydrodynamic parameters. The power exponents of slope and floware all greater than one, indicate that these two parameters have a superimposed increasing effect on soil separation rate in the determination range. The coefficient of determination between stream power and soil detachment rate is the highest (R2=0.93), which means that more effective information can be obtained when using stream power to fit soil detachment rate. When unit stream power is larger than 0.280 7 m/s, the soil detachment rate begins to increase.However, the calculation of runoff shear stress (R2=0.83) only needs slope and depth as input parameters. The calculation of stream power value should not only rely on data such as slope and water depth, but also need data such as current velocity that relatively difficult to obtain.Therefore, it is more convenient to use the runoff shear stress to fit the soil detachment rate than using the stream power, but using stream power to fit the rate of soil detachment will be more accuracy.

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