Abstract: As a multi-element gathering space, urban agglomeration is characterized by the “human-ground” coupling characteristics and laws represented by the interaction between urbanization and ecological environment. Based on the perspective of “human-ground coupling” and constructing an indicator system, comprehensively measure the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and analyze the coordination type and main control factors. The study found: (1) The overall urbanization and ecological environment coupling coordination degree of urban agglomeration reaches 0.38, the spatial dependence is strong, and the high and low clustering degree is higher; (2)There are some differences in the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment in the three major urban agglomerations, and the spatial imbalance is more significant; (3)The “coordination” characteristics of the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment have many types, and the lag-type coordination phenomenon of urbanization is more common, and there is a “weak” coordination problem at the same time; (4) The main controlling factors of urban agglomeration and eco-environment coupling in urban agglomeration changed from economic urbanization to population urbanization in the past decade; the Yangtze River Delta, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengyu were respectively affected by population concentration, construction investment and industrial pollution. Leading influence.