Abstract: Interpretation on the mechanism of solar activity and global climate change on surface hydrological factors provides scientific guidance on the water resource management. This paper has adopted monthly measured runoff and sediment transport data from 1957 to 2015 in the Taojiang River Basin, one of the most important tributaries of the Ganjiang River, and the impact of the relevant global climate index on hydrological factors was discussed with sliding average, correlation, cross-wavelet and wavelet coherence analysis. Results showed that:(1) The correlation between the seven global climatic factors and hydrological factors is different; (2) significant resonance cycles between global climatic oscillation factors and precipitation, runoff, and sediment transport mainly focus on the period of 1.33 - 2.67 a, the significant resonance period between sunspots and precipitation and sediment transport is mainly concentrated around 11a. (3) Sunspot activity has an impact on precipitation in the study area through the “ENSO-Northwest Pacific Anticyclonic(Cyclonic) Circulation-East Asian Monsoon” system. (4) The influence of atmospheric oscillations on the precipitation in the study area is reflected in three aspects: first, Antarctic Oscillation affects precipitation in the study area by affecting the strength of the East Asian monsoon；second, Arctic Oscillation influences the East Asian winter monsoon through the western Pacific subtropical high, thus affecting the precipitation in the study area；third, Pacific-North American Oscillation and North Atlantic affect the winter precipitation in the study area by affecting the airflow and wind anomalies.