Abstract: The evolution characteristics of the natural and wetland environment in the Yangtze River Basin were analyzed from the perspective of the long-term evolution in this study. Based on the situation of wetland resources, the regional characteristics and threat factors of the Yangtze River source area, the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the middle reaches lake group and the river Delta wetland were summarized, respectively. And the demonstration cases of wetland protection and ecological engineering construction in typical important wetland regions were discussed. Aiming at above environmental problems faced by different wetland regions, the study put forward several targeted measures for the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River wetland.