Abstract: This paper uses the monitoring data from Wuhan Ecology and Environment Bureau, L-band radar sounding, and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data from 2013 to 2019 to analyze the atmospheric pollution characteristics, boundary layer structure, circulation situation, physical quantity field of the pollution days in Wuhan during summer, autumn and winter. A weather conceptual model of air pollution in Wuhan is established. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The air quality in Wuhan has seasonal characteristics, and the seasonal distribution of air pollution is winter>autumn>spring>summer. The primary pollutant in summer is ozone, while the primary pollutant in winter is PM _2.5. (2) Comparison of selected meteorological element on clean days and pollution days in summer, show that the average intensity of temperature inversion on pollution days is about twice that of clean days. The bottom height is generally below 600 m, and the air quality is generally mild to moderately polluted; the frequency of static wind on polluted days (37.1%) is significantly higher than the frequency of static wind on clean days (2.9%); the average wind speed on polluted days is small (0.8 m/s). The relative humidity in the boundary layer is low. Similarly, comparing the meteorological element characteristics of the two types of weather in autumn and winter, the height and thickness of the inversion on the pollution day are less than half of that of clean day, which is not conducive for diffusion of pollutants and is prone to severely polluted weather. The frequency of static wind (20%) is higher than the frequency of static wind (7.5%) on clean days, and the wind speed is low (1.6 m/s). There is a clear pattern of upper dry and lower wet in the boundary layer on the pollution days. (3) A weather conceptual model of atmospheric pollution in summer is established. The subtropical high of pollution is weak and eastward, and the Yangtze River Basin is prone to less rain and drought; On the ground, a large area in the eastern part is in the pressure equalization field, and the Wuhan area has an abnormally small wind from the northeast, which is not conducive for diffusion of air pollutants. (4) A weather conceptual model of atmospheric pollution in autumn and winter is established. The circulation in the Yangtze River Basin is flat and less fluctuating. In conjunction with the weather situation of weak ground pressure and strong temperature inversion, atmospheric pollutants accumulates near the ground. The intensity of the Mongolian cold high pressure is weak, which makes the intensity of the cold air invading China mainland weaker; the Wuhan area is a small northerly wind, which has a poor effect on the removal and dilution of the smog. The research conclusions of this paper can be used as references for air pollution prediction and early warning research and the joint prevention and control of air pollution by environmental management departments.