Abstract: Big data analysis has become the key to understanding urban networks in the new era. Based on the data of railway and high-speed railway in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Baidu index, the network structure characteristics and influencing factor were analyzed by means of social network analysis, spatial structure index and modularity，the results show that: (1) Spatial heterogeneity is significant and polarization is prominent. The general railway network forms a “π” spatial connection pattern dominated by surrounding cities. The high-speed rail network has a significant corridor effect, showing a side “V”-shaped connection pattern with the Shanghai-Kunming and Han-Shanghai-Chengdu high-speed rails as the axis. The information network is formed in Wuhan， Changsha, and Nanchang are the core and radial spatial connections. SSI is less than 0.1, and the spatial polarization effect is obvious.(2) Topological structure, the general railway and the information network form a single-core structure with Chenzhou and Chengdu as the core respectively, the high-speed railway forms a dual core structure with Hangzhou and Jinhua centers, and the comprehensive network forms a multi-core with Shanghai, Hangzhou and Chenzhou,etc. as the center structure.(3) In terms of community structure, the network community structure of universal railway and high-speed railway is significant, while the network community structure of information and comprehensive network is not. (4) City size plays a key role in the outward connection network. Geographical distance, administrative level and city functions also have different degrees of influence.