Abstract: Scientific evaluation of the carrying capacity of the ecological environment was theoretical prerequisite for formulating reasonable ecological protection measures. It was of great significance to the promotion of ecological civilization construction. However, there were difficult to quantify threshold value of ecological carrying capacity and the pressure value of human activities on ecological environment. So this article was based on ecological data from 2009 to 2017 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Learned lessons from “Dynamic Evaluation Method of Ecological Environment Quality Index”. It was transformed the quantitative measurement value of the ecological environment carrying capacity into the study of the ecological environment carrying capacity operation status. To achieve the purpose of evaluating the carrying capacity of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The results showed that: (1) During the evaluation period, the quality of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone is on the rise, The ecological environment is generally in bearable state and Among the 11 provinces and cities, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou are in the loadbearing state, What’s more, the Guizhou has the largest improvement in Ecoenvironmental quality index, reaching 86.844. Jiangsuand Jiangxi provinces are in overload condition, while Anhui province is in the basic state of carrying capacity. (2) Per capital GDP, tertiary industry, science and technology investment accounted for the proportion of GDP, environmental governance investment, green area, and the ecological environment quality index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased and decreased at the same time, and the impact was large, respectively 7.33, 6.92, 8.28, 6.71, 7.21. (3) The natural population growth rate, urbanization level, population density, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and power consumption per unit of GDP are negatively correlated with the Ecoenvironmental quality index of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Among them, energy consumption per unit of GDP and power consumption have the greatest negative impact on environmental quality. It is 6.57 and 6.26.