Abstract: To better protect Lindera megaphylla and understand its community characteristics and population structure, we investigated the community of L. megaphylla in Zhuxi, Hubei, China. We studied the species composition and diversity of the community, drew the population structure map. We used static life table and population survival analysis to explore the survival status of the population, and used dynamic index and time series analysis to predict its future development trends. Results showed that, the species number and diversity index of the community were low. The species diversity index followed the rank of shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer, and L. megaphylla is the only species in the tree layer . The diameter class structure of the population was irregular pyramid type, and the height class structure was pyramid type. The population was a growing population, but there were fewer young individuals and more middle and old-aged individuals, which showed its high sensitivity to external disturbance. The static life table showed that the number and the life expectancy of individuals decreased with age. The population curves tended to be a Deevey-II type, and the mortality was stable in the early period, but increased in the late period. Survival analysis showed that the population entered the decline stage relatively late, and the hazard rate curve increased sharply at the age class of V and VIII. Time series analysis predicted that the population will continue to decline over time, as the number of older individuals increase over time and young and middle-aged individuals are not replenished. We suggest that, in the future conservation, measures such as replanting or artificial bud promotion should be adopted to increase the number of seedlings. Meanwhile, take measures to reduce destructive disturbances and to strengthen the protection of its germplasm resources.