Abstract: In order to understand the air pollution situation in Xiangyang city, this paper analyzed the characteristics of air pollution in different seasons, the main pollution process, and the correlation between air pollution and meteorological factors based on the observation data of six state-controlled monitoring sites in Xiangyang city and meteorological data from March 2021 to February 2022. The HYSPLIT model was used to analyze the 48 h (O₃-36 h) backward trajectory flow of the main pollution processes in four seasons. Combined with the primary pollutant data, the air pollution transport path and potential source area in Xiangyang city were investigated. The results show that the air pollution in Xiangyang presents obvious seasonal variation, and the main pollutants are PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and O₃. Meteorological factors are closely related to pollutant concentration. The results of backward trajectory, potential source contribution function and concentration weight trajectory analysis revealed that the potential source region of PM_2.5 pollution in spring were mainly distributed in the junction of Xiangyang and Henan, and the area centered on Tai′an. The potential sources of O₃ pollution in summer are mainly distributed in the surrounding areas of Xiangyang, such as Changsha, Wuhan, Suizhou, Nanyang and Zhumadian. The potential sources of PM_2.5 pollution in autumn are mainly distributed in Suizhou, Xinyang and the surrounding areas around Shangqiu in Henan. The potential sources of PM_2.5 pollution in winter are mainly distributed in the surrounding areas of Jingzhou, the junction of northeast Henan and southwest Shandong with Heze as the center. This study revealed the types and sources of atmospheric characteristic pollutants in Xiangyang city, providing theoretical reference for decision-making of air pollution prevention and control in Xiangyang City.