Abstract: The control measures of pollution need to be upgraded from the end treatment to the source treatment, based on the adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure. The energy-consuming right trading system is an important policy tool for pollution source control. Therefore, the energy-consuming right trading system can deeply integrate air pollution prevention and with greenhouse gas emission control measures. This study constructed a system dynamics model for evaluating the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in China's industrial energy use right trading system. The impact of changes in policy factors on industrial pollution reduction and carbon reduction was examined, and the design of the system was optimized. The results showed: (1)The energy trading system could reduce the emission of industrial carbon dioxide and industrial pollutants on the basis of energy saving and consumption reduction. Among them, the change range of industrial wastewater emission reduction rate was the largest, from 21.07 % of the benchmark scenario to 23.88 % of the classic scenario;(2)The strict energy trading system had a more significant synergistic effect on pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Specific policy tools included those of increasing the price of energy trading, increasing the proportion of quotas reserved for energy use rights, and reducing the proportion of free quotas for energy use rights;(3)The energy trading system could reduce the emission of environmental pollutants such as industrial carbon dioxide and industrial solid waste by increasing the energy cost of enterprises and increasing the investment in industrial science and technology innovation.(4) The energy trading system would have a negative impact on the development of the industrial economy，among which the increase of the price of energy-consuming right trading demonstrated the greatest negative impact. When the transaction price of energy rights was reduced from 100 yuan / ton of standard coal under the classic scenario to 50 yuan / ton of standard coal, the actual industrial added value increased by about 1.07 %, and when the transaction price was increased to 300 yuan / ton of standard coal, the actual industrial growth value reduced by about 5.01 %. In order to maximize the synergistic effect of using the energy trading system to reduce pollution and reduce carbon, it is recommended to set the energy trading price, the proportion of free quotas, and the proportion of reserved quotas to 300 yuan / ton of standard coal, 0.8 and 0.4, respectively.