长江流域资源与环境 >> 2011, Vol. 20 >> Issue (06): 690-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

互花米草在上海崇明东滩的入侵历史、分布现状和扩张趋势的预测

王卿   

  1. (上海市环境科学研究院|上海 200233)
  • 出版日期:2011-06-20

SPARTAINA ALTERNIFLORA〖WT4HZ〗 INVASION IN CHONGMING DONGTAN,SHANGHAI:HISTORY,STATUS AND PREDICTION

 WANG Qing   

  1. (Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)
  • Online:2011-06-20

摘要:

近20余a来,互花米草在我国沿海及河口滩涂快速扩散,已成为我国海岸盐沼中最重要的入侵植物。上海崇明东滩是我国长江口的国际重要湿地,目前受到了互花米草入侵的严重威胁。自1995年在崇明东滩首次发现互花米草以来,互花米草的分布面积已超过1 600 hm2。总结了近几年在崇明东滩进行的互花米草相关研究,旨在对互花米草的控制与管理提供科学依据。目前互花米草主要分布在崇明东滩的东部及北部,决定其入侵动态与分布的主要因素在于:(1)互花米草对沿海滩涂环境具有良好适应与耐受能力;(2)人为引种大大加快了互花米草的扩张速度;(3)崇明东滩湿地的水分盐度条件特征导致互花米草主要分布在崇明东滩的东部与北部。根据互花米草的生理学特征和长江口地区的水文特点可以推断:互花米草在东滩东部和北部将继续扩张,但目前尚难入侵东滩南部区域,而人类活动可能加剧互花米草入侵。根据互花米草的入侵现状和趋势,必须尽快采取多种途径对互花米草进行控制和管理

Abstract:

Smooth cordgrass,〖WTBX〗Spartina alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 Loisel.,a perennial rhizomatous grass native to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America,has invaded into many estuaries and coastal salt marshes in China in the past 20 years.Chongming Dongtan(“Dongtan” in abbreviation),the wetland of international importance,which provides important stopover sites for migratory birds on East AsianAustralasian Flyway,has been suffering from 〖WTBX〗S. alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 invasions in the recent 15 years,and the structures and functions of the wetland ecosystem were severely threatened.〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 was first recorded in Dongtan in 1995 and kept expanding rapidly in the latter decade.The 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 communities covered 1 600 hm2 by 2005,which distributed dominantly in the northern and eastern marshes in Dongtan.Based on recent studies,this paper illustrated the mechanisms of successful invasions of 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗.According to the physiological characteristic of 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 and the hydrological characteristic of Yangtze River mouth,it can be concluded that:1)〖WTBX〗 S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 would keep expanding in the northern and eastern Dongtan;2) It would be difficult to be invaded for 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 in southern Dongtan;3) Human activities would facilitate 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 invasions.Consequently,proper management and control of 〖WTBX〗S.alterniflora〖WTBZ〗 should be carried out urgently

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