Abstract:

Intensive breeding is an inevitable trend in the development of livestock industries in China. Increasingly serious environmental pollution is brought by livestock intensive breeding. By calculating the total amounts of national animal matures and total emissions of nitrogen, phosphate (N,P) nutrients over the past decade, the alarm grade of livestock carrying capacity of cultivated land was established, taking EU livestock carrying capacity of cultivated land as the standard. The situation of environmental pressure of intensive livestock breeding over the past decade is analyzed. In the past five years, from a national aspect, alarm value of carrying capacity of cultivated land measured by nitrogen was about 07; the alarm value grew year by year during 2007-2009, while it remained 071 during 2009-2011. Likewise, alarm value measured by phosphorus exceeded 1, and the alarm value grew from 105 to 114. Since 2007, the state has invested substantial capital to support the constructions of intensive livestock breeding operation, including livestock waste treatment. It is found that national governance measures played a certain effect on livestock waste emission. From specific regional livestock pollution situation in 2011, most of the provinces had some pollution threat of livestock waste to the environment. The alarm value measured by nitrogen was less than 04 only in Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi provinces, indicating basically no environmental pollutions; alarm value was between 04-07 in 11 provinces, indicating fewer pollutions to the environment. Alarm value was more than 07 within 18 provinces, of which alarm value had been over 1 in Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan provinces. Alarm value of nitrogen reached 152 and 309 respectively in Beijing and Qinghai provinces, indicating serious environmental pollutions. The alarm value of phosphorus was less than 04 in Shanxi and Heilongjiang, indicating basically no environmental pollutions. Alarm values of 9 provinces were between 04-10, indicating some extent of environmental pollutions. There were 21 provinces had an alarm value higher than 1. The alarm value in Beijing, Guangdong, and Qinghai had been close to 3, indicating very serious phosphorus pollutions. With a combination of arable land each region, alarm values of nitrogen and phosphorus reached 3-6 in Beijing, Qinghai and Tibet, partly because these three provinces own less arable land, only between 200×103-500×103hm2. When compared with developed countries, livestock environmental governance policy requires a corresponding improvement measures in China