Abstract: Soil conservation service is one of the most important ecosystem services, which represents the positive function of ecosystem to reduce soil erosion. Data from 
WanZhou District including precipitation, soil characteristics, DEM et al., based on revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) and GIS method was used to investigate the 
spatial distribution characteristics of soil conservation service. and the influencing factors. The results showed that the total soil conservation capacity and mean soil 
conservation capacity were 1 43584×105 t/a and 41791 t/(hm2·a), indicating a great significance of soil conservation service. In further, spatial distribution of soil 
conservation service was mainly influenced by terrain and human activities. Soil conservation was high in southeastern mountain area, and low in the Yangtze river valley between  Tiefeng mountain and Fangdou mountain, ;while soil erosion showed the opposite spatial distribution characteristics. A slope of 15-25 degree owned the largest erosion,  contributing 4157% of the total erosion amount, and a slope of 8-15 degree ranked the second, with concentrated contradiction between human and land. In terms of land type,  dry land region was the main source of erosion, and woodland area showed high soil conservation service. There is a strong need for changing land use and taking measures such as  returning farmland to forest to improve the level of soil conservation service. The results can give support to control soil erosion and improve soil conservation service in  Wanzhou District and Three Gorges Reservoir area.
Key words：Wanzhou district; soil erosion; soil conservation; spatial distribution; influence factor