长江流域资源与环境 >> 2018, Vol. 27 >> Issue (09): 2132-2141.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201809023

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汉江流域1956~2016年汛期降水时空演变格局

邓鹏鑫1,邴建平1,2,贾建伟1,王栋1   

  1. (1.长江水利委员会水文局,湖北 武汉 430010;2.武汉大学,湖北 武汉 430079)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-11-09

Pattern of SpatioTemporal Variability of Flood Season Precipitation in Hanjiang River Basin Between 1956 and 2016

DENG Pengxin, BING Jian ping, JIA Jianwei,WANG Dong   

  1. (1.Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2.Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China)
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-11-09

摘要: 基于汉江流域96个雨量站点1956~2016年长系列降水数据,采用数理统计法诊断了汉江流域汛期降水时空演变特征。研究发现汉江流域汛期面平均降水历年总体变化趋势不显著,但在1989年存在较强跳跃性,并伴随有22 a、8 a和3 a主周期震荡;受流域气候及地形影响,流域汛期降水空间分布不均。流域上游西南区和汉江下游等地常成降水中心,易形成“辐射型”、“南北型”和“东北-西南型”3种空间分布模态,方差贡献率分别为41.1%、12.4%和7.6%;近年来流域西南部汉中、安康、神农架地区及汉江下游天门、仙桃一带局地降水显著上升,流域东北部商州、凤镇一带及唐白河流域局地降水显著下降,汛期降水“东北-西南型”分布模态日渐走强。流域降水时空分布及演变特性直接关系到流域水资源合理开发与利用,进一步加深了对汉江流域降水要素变化规律的认识,研究成果对流域洪涝灾害应对、雨洪资源利用及水资源优化配置具有参考借鉴价值。

Abstract: Based on the 96 gauges’ long series of rainfall data from 1956 to 2016 in the Hanjiang River Basin, the spatiotemporal variability characteristics of flood season precipitation are diagnosed in terms of mathematical statistics. The study found that no statistically significant trends of the flood season rainfall for the whole basin were tested, but there was a strong mutation in 1989 with major shock cycles of 22, 8 and 3 years. Affected by climate and topography, the spatial distribution of precipitation in flood season is uneven. The southwest of upper reaches of basin and downstream of basin are regularly the rainfall centers. It is easy to form three kinds of spatial distribution patterns, including “radiation type”, “northsouth type” and “northeastsouthwest type” with variance contribution rates of 41.1%, 12.4% and 7.6%. In recent years, precipitation in the southwest (e.g.,Hanzhong, Ankang and Shennongjia areas)and downstream(e.g.,Tianmen and Xiantao regions) of Hanjiang River Basin have significant upward trends, while the precipitation in the northeast(e.g.,Shangzhou, Fengzhen)and Tangbaihe watershed have significant downward trends. The “northeastsouthwest” spatial distribution patterns of flood season rainfall is likely to be more significant. Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics of rainfall are directly related to the rational development and utilization of water resources. Through this research, we further deepen the understanding of the rainfall variation in the Hanjiang River Basin, and some results could be used as a reference for the watershed flood disaster response, rainfall flood resouces utilization and optimal allocation of water resources.

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