Abstract: Abstract：With the rising status of water resources in the social and economic development, Strengthening integrated water resources management is an important way to achieve sustainable use of water resources for countries in the world. There are many disputes in the preparation of water resources balance sheet, such as basic form, related indicators and accounting methods. Physical accounting is the basis for the preparation of water resources balance sheet, and value accounting is its goal. The method of water resources value accounting is the key and difficulty in the preparation of water resources balance sheet, which has always restricted the identification of water resources value and the feasibility and accuracy of its integration into System of National Accounts. In accordance with the basic accounting principle of water resources balance sheet and the compiling ideas of “water resources assets-water resources liabilities=net assets of water resources”, water resources balance sheet which reflects the excessive consumption of water resources, water environmental damage, and occupation of ecological water caused by social-economic use of water was put forward in this paper. Based on the compilation of physical quantity account, according to the hydrological cycle and characteristics of water resources, multi-purpose water resources were converted into emergy of the same standard for quantitative value research by emergy analysis method, so as to improve or make up for the deficiency of judgment standard differences in water resources value accounting methods to a certain extent. An attempt was made to realize the unified accounting of water quantity and water quality in a table, and to clarify the relations of obligatory right and debt on water resources value between environment and economy from three aspects of water resource, water environment and water ecology. The results show that there are no liabilities for water resources consumption reduction in Chengdu in 2015, but there are liabilities of 152 million Yuan for water environmental damage and 115 million Yuan for water ecological squeezing, which provide a basis for paid use of water resources and water ecological protection, as well as new ideas and methods for the real realization of the balance sheet of water resources value.