Abstract: The adoption of eco-agricultural technology by farmers is the key point to promote the green agricultural development. Market and government both significantly affect farmers' adoption behavior, and their function is worth discussing. Based on the micro survey data of 925 farmers in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui province through Heckman sample selection model, this study explores the impact of market profits and government incentives on farmers' adoption of eco-agricultural technology from two aspects: adoption behavior and adoption degree. This research shows: (1) The economic effect has a significant positive impact on farmers' technology adoption behavior and degree, and the income fluctuation has a significant negative impact on farmers' technology adoption behavior and degree; (2) There are significant differences between the impacts of technology policy on technology adoption behavior and degree. Specifically, technology subsidy policy has a significantly positive impact on farmers' technology adoption behavior and adoption degree, while technology publicity policy only has a significantly positive impact on farmers' adoption behavior; (3) From the perspective of interaction effect, economic effect will significantly mitigate the positive impact of technology subsidies on farmers' technology adoption behavior, while income fluctuation will significantly reduce the positive impact of technology subsidies on farmers' technology adoption behavior. The research shows that market profit is the key factor to stimulate farmers to adopt eco-agricultural technology. Therefore, we should pay attention to the impact of market profit on farmers' technology adoption behavior in future technology promotion.