Abstract: Soil aggregate is an important indicator of soil quality and sustainable land utilization, and impacts the retention abilities of water and fertilizers. The differences of the aggregate stability in the small watershed scale are sensitively affected by the land pattern of human interference, while the influence of land uses on the aggregate is rarely reported in the small tributary of Yangtze River, located in the hilly region of western Hubei. The purpose of this study was to figure out the effects of five land use patterns (cypresses forests (CF), vegetable field (VF), stone dike terrace(ST) abandoned farmland (AF) and natural forest(NF)) on the distribution and stability of soil water-stable aggregate. The soil from the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layer under different land uses were collected to analyze the composition and differences of soil aggregate stability by the wet sieving method. The result showed that ⅰ)The dominant size fraction of soil aggregate in CF, ST, AF and NF was >2 mm, mean proportion of which was 57.66%. While that of VF was dominated by <0.25 mm microaggregate, with an average of 60.86%. It was indicated that the stability of water-stable macroaggregate(> 0.25 mm) was significantly affected by land uses; ⅱ)The soil stability and erosion resistance of woodland were superior to those of agricultural land, and abandonment of cropland was conducive to the restoration of soil stability; ⅲ) fractal dimension(D) was positively correlated with the proportion of macroaggregate(>0.25 mm), the percentage of aggregate destruction, and soil erodibility(K), but negatively correlated with the aggregate diameters (MWD&GMD). D of soil water-stable aggregate could definitely reflect structural stability and erodibility of soil in a small watershed. Therefore, it is considered that the conservation of forest land and underground cover layer is the optimal management mode to improve the stability of soil structure in this area. These research results can provide theoretical reference for the rational land utilization and the melioration of soil structure in the small watershed region of Western Hubei Province.