Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of phenological change and its influencing factors in Guizhou province, based on MCD12Q2 data and climatic data from 2002 to 2017, mathematical statistics were used to discuss the vegetation change and its response to climate change in Guizhou Province. The results showed that: (1) The initial period of vegetation growth (SOS) in Guizhou province presented a meridional spatial distribution characteristic of gradually delayed from east to west; Among all geomorphologic regions, SOS in region Ⅰ relatively early, while Ⅵ relatively late. The early stage of growth (EOS) was relatively concentrated in the west of region Ⅱ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ, while the late stage was concentrated in the east and north of region Ⅴ and the southwest of region IV. The areas with relatively short growing season length (LOS) were concentrated in the west of region Ⅲ and Ⅴ,as well as Ⅵ region, while the longer LOS area was concentrated in the western and eastern parts of region Ⅰ, Ⅳ and V. (2) The multi-year average SOS in Guizhou province was the 86th day, while zone Ⅵ was the latest and zone Ⅰ was the earliest. The multi-year average EOS was the 333th days, with zone Ⅴ being the latest and zone Ⅱ the earliest. The 16-year average was 247 days in LOS, the longest in zone Ⅳ and the shortest in zone Ⅵ. (3) SOS was not significantly advanced at an average rate of 4.2 d·(10a)^-1; Ⅵ zone had the maximum early speed; Area Ⅳ had the lowest early rate. EOS was not significantly delayed at a rate of 3.9 d·(10a)^-1, with the maximum delay rate in region Ⅴ and the minimum delay rate in region Ⅱ. LOS extended at a rate of 2.8 d·(10a)^-1; The elongation rate was the highest in region Ⅵ and the lowest in region I. (4) The phenological period of Guizhou province was affected by altitude. Every 1 000 m rised in altitude lead to a delay of 15 days for SOS, 4 days for EOS, and about 20 days for LOS. (5) There was a very significant negative correlation between SOS and temperature in June, and a significant positive correlation between EOS and precipitation in September. The results showed that the change characteristics, trend and rate of vegetation phenology in Guizhou province were closely related to altitude, temperature in June and precipitation in September.