Abstract: Studying land ecological risk is of great significance for guiding the rational use of land and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the land use / cover data of Hubei Province in 1980, 2000 and 2018, this study simulated and analyzed the temporal-spatial evolution of land ecological risk in Hubei Province from 1980 to 2018 by constructing a comprehensive land ecological risk index and using ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that：(1) The average value of land ecological risk in Hubei Province decreased from 0.434 9 in 1980 to 0.434 1 in 2000 but increased to 0.441 0 in 2018, exhibiting the characteristics of first decreasing and then increasing. (2) On the 10 km×10 km spatial scale, the structure of spatial autocorrelation was the dominant factor for the spatial variation of land ecological risk in Hubei Province, and it presented a very strong anisotropy in 1980 and 2000, while isotropy in 2018. (3) During the study period, the probability of risk grades’ increase was much higher than that of decrease. The risk grades’ transformation occurred almost only between adjacent levels, and the possibility of the risk grades changed in a jumping type was very low. The high-risk areas increased by 7 785 square kilometers, and the others all showed a decreasing trend. The areas of low, low- medium, medium and medium-high risk decreased by 283, 6 539, 339 and 625 square kilometers, respectively.(4) The spatial distribution pattern of the land ecological risk in Hubei Province showed a characteristics of high in the east and low in the west. The low-risk core area was situated in Shennongjia Forestry District, while the high-risk core area was situated in Jianghan Plain and Wuhan district. Besides, there was a smaller high-risk concentration area in the north of Xiangyang City, which gradually spread to the Jianghan Plain in the two derections of Zaoyang-Jingmen and Suizhou-Xiaogan.