Abstract: The convergence of urban productivity in the Yangtze River Delta plays an important role in promoting the convergence of economic growth and is related to the overall development of high-quality integration in the Yangtze River Delta. This paper constructs a research framework of “measurement, decomposition, spatial differentiation and convergence identification” to reveal the phased characteristics, dynamic evolution law, regional differences, and convergence characteristics of urban productivity growth in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that: from 2000 to 2018, the urban intensive economic growth driven by total factor productivity in the Yangtze River Delta is insufficient. From the decomposition results, the change of urban productivity in the Yangtze River Delta is more dependent on the “level effect” of technological efficiency improvement, and lacks the “growth effect” of technological progress. In the Yangtze River Delta, the productivity of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces fluctuated in a mixed manner, and the over-variable density was the main source of the overall difference, but its contribution showed a steady downward trend. At present, the productivity of cities in Yangtze River Delta does not have the characteristic of convergence. This paper has a unique benchmark value and demonstration significance for promoting the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta and realizing regional coordinated and sustainable development.